白博文 刘善江 申俊峰 孙昊 吴荣

摘要 土壤改良一般是根据各地的自然、经济条件,采取因地制宜的措施,以有效地达到改善土壤生产性状和环境条件的目的,其过程就是控制土壤退化和增加土壤有机质及养分。其中,土壤调理剂能有效地改善土壤养分状况及其理化性质,促进土壤团粒的形成、降低土壤密度、提高肥力、改善土壤保水保肥性、提高粮食产量,对土壤问题起到积极的修复作用。经查阅大量相关文献,总结了土壤调理剂及其在各类土地上的应用进展,并在土壤调理剂的研究方面提出展望。
关键词 土壤调理剂;研发;应用;土壤结构;酸化土地;盐碱地;重金属污染
中图分类号 S156 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0014-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.004
Abstract Soil improvement is generally based on the natural and economic conditions in different places, and measures are taken to effectively improve soil production characteristics and environmental conditions. The process is to control soil degradation and increase soil organic matter and nutrients. Among them, soil conditioner can effectively improve the soil nutrient status and its physicochemical properties, promote the formation of soil aggregates, reduce soil density, improve soil fertility, improve soil water retention and fertility, and increase grain yield to play a positive role in the rehabilitation of soil problems. The progress of soil conditioners and their applications in various kinds of land were summarized by referring to a large number of related literatures. At the same time, it puts forward the prospect in the research of soil conditioners.
Key words Soil conditioner;Research and development;Application;Soil structure;Acidified land;Salinealkali land;Heavy metal pollution
土壤退化是指人类对土壤的不合理利用而引起的土壤性质变差及生产力下降的过程,主要有土壤侵蚀、土壤酸化碱化以及肥力下降等形式。随着经济的持续发展,土壤问题严重限制了生产力,土壤退化问题日趋引起人们的重视[1-2]。根据2000年世界粮农组织(FAO)的报告指出,全球严重土地退化面积约为35亿hm2,占总土地面积的26%,其中由于农业生产活动造成的严重土地退化面积占总土地面积的9%[2-3]。我国有1.3亿hm2耕地,其中退化耕地约为0.25亿hm2。据国内外研究预测,到2050年,世界近6亿hm2的土地沙漠化,约有200万hm2土壤遭到盐渍化侵蚀。笔者对土壤改良剂研究现状、主要种类、功能作用、使用技术、存在问题及应用前景等进行了探讨。
1 土壤调理剂的发展与分类……p>