闽北官路细绿萍生长性能及营养成分分析

郑向丽 徐国忠 邓素芳 林忠宁 应朝阳

摘 要：为了选育高产优质抗性好的红萍新品种，2017-2019年在闽北南平市建阳区对收集于浦城县官路乡并经初步观测性状表现较优的一种细绿萍（暂定名闽北官路），以龙引细绿萍、闽育1号小叶萍为对照，对其生长性能和营养成分进行分析。结果表明：闽北官路细绿萍产量均高于2个对照品种，具有抗寒性、养分含量高等优点。闽北官路细绿萍含水率为94.58%，粗蛋白含量为22.50 %，2017-2018年年产量干重9325 kg·hm-2，比闽育1号小叶萍增产8.61%，差异显著;比龙引细绿萍增产17.46%，差异极显著。2018-2019年年产量干重9838 kg·hm-2，比闽育1号小叶萍增产4.04%，差异不显著;比龙引细绿萍增产10.90 %，差异极显著。综合评比表明闽北官路细绿萍是个在产量、养分、抗寒性等方面综合性状表现较佳的新品系。

关键词：红萍;选育;产量;营养成分

中图分类号：S 682.35 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）01-0015-04

DOI：10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.01.003

Abstract：In order to select the new varieties of Azolla imbircata Roxb. Nakai with high yield， good quality and good resistance， the growth performance and nutritional ingredient of a kind of Azolla filiculoides Lam. with better characters by preliminary observation （tentatively named：Minbeiguanlu） were analyzed， which was collected from Guanlu Village of Pucheng County in Jianyang District of Nanping City from 2017 to 2019， by taking Longyin Azolla filiculoides Lam. and Minyu No.1 as the control group. The results showed that the yield of Minbeiguanlu Azolla filiculoides Lam. was higher than that of the two control varieties， which had the advantages of cold resistance and high nutrient content， etc. The water content and crude protein content of Minbeiguanlu Azolla filiculoides Lam. were 94.58% and 22.50%， respectively. The dry weight of annual yield from 2017 to 2018 was 9325 kg·hm-2， which was 8.61% higher than that of Minyu No.1 （with significant difference）， and 17.46% higher than that of Longyin Azolla filiculoides Lam. （with highly significant difference）. Meanwhile， the dry weight of annual yield from 2018 to 2019 was 9838 kg·hm-2， which was 4.04% higher than that of Minyu No.1 （with not significant difference）， and 10.90% higher than that of Longyin Azolla filiculoides Lam. （with highly significant difference）. The comprehensive evaluation showed that Minbeiguanlu Azolla filiculoides Lam. was a new variety with better performance in the comprehensive characters such as the yield， nutrient and cold resistance， etc.

Key words：Azolla imbircata Roxb. Nakai; Breeding; Yield; Nutritional ingredient

滿江红俗称红萍或绿萍，属槐叶苹科，满江红属。它具有生物固氮功能的蕨类和藻类的共生体，蕨类为其叶腔中生存的鱼腥藻提供碳水化合物，鱼腥藻则可将空气中的氮气吸收并转化为有机态氮，进而合成氨基酸和蛋白质。因此，满江红在贫瘠的水质条件下仍能繁殖生长。在中国传统农业作为水生绿肥、饲料或饵料已有几千年的历史。近年来，随着国家绿色发展理念、化肥减施等战略提出，对优质绿肥资源的需求更加突出，红萍作为南方水田主要绿肥，其栽培和利用必将迎来新机遇[1-5]。红萍进化完美度较高、适合水……