新冠疫情对失地农户生计的动态影响分析

陈珊珊，王成超

摘要：【目的/意义】分析新冠疫情影响下的失地农户生计状况，有利于指导其选择科学的生计方式，从而促进农村地区可持续发展。【方法/过程】以河南省濮阳市的5个典型失地农村为例，通过线上及线下问卷调查的方式获得402户失地农户的有效数据，采用SPSS 19.0软件中方差分析等统计方法，并立足农户异质性和影响动态性视角，揭示新冠疫情对不同类型农户生计的动态影响。【结果/结论】新冠疫情使失地农户2020年户均纯收入较上年减少0.93万元，下降达9.52%;非农生计程度越高、劳动力数量越多、户主年龄越年轻、受教育程度越高年收入减少绝对值越大;疫情在不同时期对失地农户家庭支出、生活水平和生计策略方面产生的影响具有明显动态性。

关键词：新冠肺炎;疫情;失地农户;生计

中图分类号：F323.8文献标志码：A文章编号：1637-5617（2021）05-0008-06

Study on Dynamic Impact of the COVID19 Epidemic on the Livelihoods of Landlost

Peasant Households

CHEN Shanshan， WANG Chengchao

（School of Geographical Science， Fujian Normal University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350007， China）

Abstract： 【Objective/Meaning】Analyzing the livelihoods of landlost peasant householdsunder the impact ofthe COVID19epidemic will help to guide them to choosea scientific way of livelihood， and promote the sustainable development of rural areas.【Methods/Procedures】By taking the five typical landlost villages in Puyang City of Henan Province as an example， the effective data of 402 landlostpeasant households were obtained through the online and offline questionnaire surveys， and thenthe statistical methods such as thevariance analysis in SPSS 19.0 software were usedto reveal the dynamic impact of the epidemic on the livelihoods of different types of farmersfrom the perspective ofthe heterogeneity of peasant households and the dynamics of impact. 【Results/Conclusions】The epidemic has reduced the average net income ofthelandlostpeasant households by 9300 yuanin 2020 compared with the previous year， with a decrease of 9.51%.And the higher the degree of nonagricultural livelihood， the greater the number of labors， the younger the head of household， and the higher the education level， the greater the absolute decrease in annual income. Furthermore， the impacts of the epidemic on the expenditures， living standards and livelihood strategies of landlost peasant households in different periods were obviously dynamic.

Key words： COVID19; epidemic; landlost peasant household; livelihood

新冠肺炎疫情的爆發影响了全球经济贸易活动并对各国的社会经济造成了差异化冲击，也影响了我国农业农村发展和农民生产生活秩序的正常运行。国外学者就疫情对农业农村农民的影响进行了大量讨论，研究大多基于国家层面，多采用线上调查和定性分析方法;集中关注农民收入下降、粮食安全[1-2]、农业经济影响[3]，农民获取食物和就业的机会、生计贫困[3-4]等方面的内容;部分研究提出了差异化应对策略，通过短、长期战略相结合的方式增强农业生产力和建设农业基础设施振兴农业部门和农村地区[5-6]。国内……