优生优育中婚前检查的应用对生育缺陷、健康教育知晓率的影响

胡娟

【摘要】 目的：探讨优生优育中婚前检查的应用对生育缺陷、健康教育知晓率的影响。方法：选取2017年10月-2019年10月准备结婚的夫妇200对，按照是否接受优生优育婚前健康检查将其分为两组，研究组100对，对照组100对。对照组未接受优生优育婚前健康检查，研究组接受优生优育婚前健康检查，对比两组对生育缺陷、健康教育知晓率的影响。结果：在100例夫妇中，检出4例有生殖系统疾病，2例有传染性疾病，1例有内科疾病，4例有精神疾病。研究组围产期保健、遗产病认知、孕期营养与运动、预防新生儿缺陷方面评分均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组健康教育知识的总知晓率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组先天性心脏病、唇腭裂、多趾及其他新生儿缺陷的发生率均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组满意度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：婚前检查在优生优育中取得了满意的效果，能够及时发现夫妇中存在的健康问题，通过对其进行健康教育的实施能够提高双方自身对有关生育的正确认知，从而能夠降低新生儿出生缺陷的发生，不仅能够提高夫妇的满意度，还能促进优生优育的发展，值得进一步推广应用。

【关键词】 优生优育 婚前检查 孕前检查 生育缺陷 健康教育知晓率

[Abstract] Objective： To explore the effect of application on premarital examination on birth defects and awareness rate of health education eugenics and eugenics. Method： A total of 200 couples preparing to get married from October 2017 to October 2019 were selected， they were divided into two groups according to whether they received premarital health examination of prenatal and postnatal care， 100 pairs in each group. The control group did not receive the pre marital health examination of eugenics and eugenics， the study group received the pre marital health examination of eugenics and eugenics. The effects of the two groups on the birth defects， the awareness rate of health education were compared. Result： Of the 100 couples， 4 cases had reproductive diseases， 2 cases had infectious diseases， 1 case had medical diseases， 4 cases had mental diseases. The scores of the research group were higher than those of the control group in perinatal health care， awareness of legacy diseases， nutrition and exercise during pregnancy， prevention of neonatal defects， the differences were statistical significance （P<0.05）. The total awareness rate of health education knowledge in the study group was higher than that in the control group， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The incidence of congenital heart disease， cleft lip and palate， multiple digits and other neonatal defects in the study group were all lower than those in the control group， the differences were statistical significance （P<0.05）. The satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Premarital examination has achieved satisfactory results in eugenics and eugenics， can timely find out the health problems existing in the couple， through carries on the implementation of health education can improve the cognition about the birth right， so that they can reduce the incidence of birth defects， can not only improve the couples satisfaction， also can promote the development of eugenic and eugenic， worthy of further popularization and application.

[Key words] Eugenics and Eugenics Premarital examination Prenatal examination Birth defects Awareness rate of health education

“优生优育”是我国基本的生育政策，其目的是保证每个家庭的新生儿均有着健康的身体，并接受良好的教育。自从我国将强制婚检规定取消后，主动进行婚前检查的夫妇人数在逐渐下降，导致我国新生儿先天性缺陷的发生呈逐年上升趋势，这对提高我国人口的质量起着较大的制约作用，不利于优生优育的发展[1]。缺陷新生儿的发生不仅会给家庭带去较大的痛苦，而且会增加社会的压力，而进行孕前、婚前两种检查能够在与在一定程度上提高疾病的检出率[2]。临床中有研究发现，初次备孕的夫妇对有关围产期、孕期的保健知识认知度较低，甚至存在近亲结婚的问题，为改善这一现状，临床应当鼓励夫妇进行婚前体检[3]。本文为探讨优生优育中婚前检查的应用对生育缺陷、健康教育知晓率的影响，现报道如下。……