麻华德 许鉴 卢长巍
【摘要】 距腓前韧带(anterior talofibular ligament, ATFL)是踝关节外侧最主要的韧带,ATFL损伤表现为撕裂或断裂,常与慢性踝关节不稳相关。大部分ATFL损伤病人经过保守治疗均能取得满意疗效,少部分患者需要手术治疗,手术的方式主要为解剖修复、非解剖重建以及解剖重建。近年来,使用踝关节镜来处理踝关节外侧不稳成为流行趋势,越来越多学者关注此韧带的相关研究,熟知其解剖、功能、诊断、治疗将有助于医生针对性的展开诊治。本文旨在对上述几方面展开详细的综述,从而为医生提供参考。
【关键词】 距腓前韧带 解剖学 诊断 关节镜
[Abstract] Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most main ligament on the lateral side of the ankle joint. The injury of ATFL is characterized by tear or rupture, which is often related to chronic ankle instability. Most of the patients with ATFL injuries can achieve satisfactory results after conservative treatment, while a small number of patients need surgical treatment. The main surgical methods are anatomical repair, non-anatomical reconstruction and anatomical reconstruction. In recent years, the use of ankle arthroscopy to deal with lateral instability of the ankle joint has become a popular trend. More and more scholars pay attention to the related research of this ligament. Knowing its anatomy, function, diagnosis and treatment will help doctors to make targeted diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed review of the above aspects, so as to provide reference for doctors.
[Key words] Anterior talofibular ligament Anatomy Diagnosis Arthroscopy
踝關节是减震和承重最重要的关节之一。踝关节扭伤是临床上最常见的运动损伤之一,7%~10%的医院急诊住院患者都是足踝扭伤所致[1-2]。也有文献[3]记载,踝关节扭伤在35岁以下的人中更常见,主要涉及年轻运动人群。踝关节最常见损伤的韧带是距腓前韧带(ATFL),大约有89%的患者距腓前韧带损伤的同时伴随着内侧距骨软骨损伤。典型症状为持续性踝关节僵硬、肿胀和疼痛,可伴有继发性滑膜炎、肌腱炎和肌肉无力。有30%~40%的患者如果不经处理将会导致慢性踝关节不稳的发生,进而造成踝关节的退变[4]。
ATFL松弛可造成距骨在踝穴内的前移增加,体查可有前抽屉试验阳性的体征。踝关节侧方应力位片在前抽屉试验下进行拍摄,主要用来评估踝关节不稳的严重程度。急性踝关节扭伤常常通过体查便可判断,扭伤后韧带恢复的情况可通过MRI进行评估,精准的评估需要对解剖非常了解。……