景泰县高产玉米品种引进试验

张举军　张立勤　崔云玲　陶英

摘要：为筛选出适宜景泰县种植的高产玉米品种，以当地主栽品种先玉335为对照，对引进的7个玉米品种（系）的产量及构成要素、植株及穗部性状进行了比较。结果表明，五谷738产量最高，为15 215.4 kg/hm2，比对照品种先玉335增产12.33%;其次为先玉1225，比对照品种先玉335增产11.98%。以上2个品种千粒重高，穗粒数多，果穗粗长，穗位低，茎秆粗壮，抗倒伏能力强，可替代先玉335在景泰县试用。

关键词：玉米;产量;筛选;景泰县

中图分类号：S513       文献标志码：A      文章编号：1001-1463（2021）04-0025-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.04.008

Regional Test of New Flax Cultivars in Baiyin City

YANG Jizhong， YU Hualin， LIYuyang， ZHAO Baoxie， SHI Xuehao

（Baiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Baiyin Gansu 730900， China）

Abstract：Four pilot areas were selected in Dry Farming Area，Yellow River Irrigation Area and Jingquan Sand Field Irrigation Area of Baiyin City to carry out multi-point test research on new flax cultivars in 2019. Based on the comprehensive analysis of high yield， stable yield and main economy characters of the tested cultivars， the main cultivars and matching cultivars in different ecological regions of flax in Baiyin City were preliminarily determined. That is， the main cultivar of flax in dry farming area is Dingya 22， collocation cultivar Longya 13 andLongya 14; the main cultivars s of the Irrigation Area along the Yellow River and well spring sand field irrigation area are Longya 13 and Longya 14. Longya 10 is the preferred collocation cultivar in the Irrigated Area along the Yellow River with better water and fertilizer conditions and Jingquan Shatian Irrigated Area， while Dingya 22 is the preferred collocation cultivar in High lift Yellow River Irrigation Area with less water and fertilizer conditions.

Key words：Dry farming area;Irrigation Area along the Yellow River;High Lift Yellow River Irrigation Area;Jingquan Sand Field Irrigation Area;Flax;Main cultivar;Compatible cultivar

景泰縣位于甘肃中部， 属温带大陆性干旱型气候， 光照资源丰富， 昼夜温差大， 年均气温8.20 ℃， ≥0 ℃的活动积温3 614.8 ℃， ≥10 ℃的有效积温3 038 ℃， 年降水量180 mm， 无霜期141 d。耕地以砂壤土为主， 灌溉条件便利[1 - 2 ]。玉米是景泰县主栽的粮食作物，常年种植面积0.55万～0.75 万hm2，其产量水平对种植效益、全县经济发展以及农户收入均有重要影响。近年来，当地玉米主栽品种一直以先玉335为主[3 ]，种植年限长，综合抗性下降，产量水平徘徊不前，在很大程度上影响了玉米的种植效益提升。因此，立足景泰县区域特征，引进并筛选出产量水平高、综合抗性好的玉米新品种，对提升全县玉米产量水平，促使玉米产业增效、助力农业可持续发展和增加农户收益均有重要意义。

1   材料与方法

1.1   试验区概况

试验于2019年4 — 9月在景泰县建工局农场进行。试验区位于104° 08′E，37° 23′N，多年平均降水量185.6 mm，日照时数为2 652 h，≥10 ℃的有效积温3 038.4 ℃，无霜期191 d。供试土壤为石灰性灌漠土。

1.2   参试材料

引进玉米品种（系）7个，以当地主栽品种先玉335为对照。……