五行音乐联合六字诀改善新型冠状病毒肺炎患者 负性情绪的临床护理观察

李兰 倪娟 焦佳 李东雅 夏友 陈偶英 罗文砚

〔摘要〕 目的 观察五行音乐联合六字诀对新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019， COVID-19）患者负性情绪的干预效果。方法 采用随机数字表法，将符合纳入标准的60例COVID-19轻型或普通型患者分为对照组和观察组，对照组采用常规心理护理，观察组在对照组基础上采用五行音乐联合六字诀进行心理护理。治疗前和治疗2周后测评汉密尔顿抑郁量表（hamilton depression scale， HAMD）、焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale， SAS）和匹茲堡睡眠质量指数评分（Pittsburgh sleep quality index， PSQI），观察分值的变化情况。结果 干预后，观察组的HAMD、SAS评分，两组的PSQI评分均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05），且治疗后观察组HAMD、SAS和PSQI 评分下降幅度优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 五行音乐联合六字诀能有效降低患者HAMD、SAS和PSQI评分，缓解患者抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪，改善睡眠，放松身心，从而促进患者康复。

〔关键词〕 五行音乐;六字诀;新型冠状病毒肺炎;负性情绪;中医护理

〔中图分类号〕R248;R563.1       〔文献标志码〕B       〔文章编号〕doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.05.021

Clinical Nursing Observation of Five Elements Music Combined with Six Words Formula on Improving Negative Emotion of Patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

LI Lan1，2， NI Juan1， JIAO Jia2， LI Dongya1*， XIA You2， CHEN Ouying1， LUO Wenyan1

（1. Hunan University of Chinese Medicine， Changsha， Hunan 410208， China;

2. Changsha First Hospital， Changsha， Hunan 410000， China）

〔Abstract〕 Objetive To observe the effect of five elements music combined with six words formula therapy on the negative emotion of patients with corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. Methods The random number table method was adopted to divide the 60 cases of mild or common cases of COVID-19 that met the inclusion criteria into the control group and the observation group. The control group adopted routine psychological nursing， and the observation group adopted five elements music combined with six words formula therapy for psychological nursing. Hamilton depression scale （HAMD）， self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） were measured before and two weeks after treatment to observe the changes in the scores. Results After intervention， HAMD and SAS scores of the observation group and PSQI scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）， and the HAMD， SAS and PSQI scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group， with statistically significant differences （P<0.05）. Conelusion Five elements music combined with six words formula therapy can effectively reduce patients' HAMD， SAS and PSQI scores， relieve their negative emotions such as depression and anxiety， improve their sleep， relax their body and mind， and promote their recovery.

〔Keywords〕 five elements music; six words formula; novel coronavirus pneumonia; negative emotions; nursing of traditional Chinese medicine

新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19）病程发展迅速，人群普遍易感且无特效药，临床多以对症支持治疗为主。COVID-19潜伏期通常为14 d，传染性较强，病程发展迅速，约2%～5%的轻症患者发展为重症，出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征和多器官功能衰竭等并发症[1]。患者身处隔离病房，担心自身疾病预后，担忧家人被传染，普遍容易产生孤独、抑郁、焦虑等情绪，长期处于负性情绪会产生应激反应，不仅影响临床治疗效果，还会延长康复时间[2]，寻找减轻COVID-19患者负性情绪的方法成为护理研究热点。五行音乐疗法是将“角、徵、宫、商、羽”5种音乐曲调与五志结合[3]，通过优美的旋律放松心情，改善身心不平和状态。六字诀属于吐纳养生法，最大特点是“长呼气”，即用“嘘、呵、呼、呬、吹、嘻”6个字进行缓慢呼气，通过声音引起振动，促进全身气血经脉通畅[4]。……