施先锋 梁欢 祝菊红 王德欢 葛米红 黄远 周谟兵

摘 要: 育苗始终是蔬菜栽培的重要环节,种苗质量直接影响蔬菜产量和品质。21世纪前10 a(年),在武汉市政府相关部门的支持下工厂化育苗产业得到快速发展。然而,近年来工厂化育苗表现相对滞后,产业面临诸多问题。笔者总结了武汉市工厂化育苗产业的发展特点,针对存在的设备不完善,生产成本高,科技研发能力不足,种苗质量不稳定等问题,提出政府统筹规划、降低生产成本、加强科技创新以及完善种苗行业标准等措施,旨在为更好推动武汉市工厂化育苗产业健康发展提供借鉴。
关键词: 蔬菜; 武汉市; 工厂化育苗; 现状; 问题; 对策
中图分类号: S626 文献标志码: C 文章编号: 1672-2871(2021)01-088-04
The status, problems and countermeasures of industrialized vegetable seeding in Wuhan
SHI Xianfeng1, LIANG Huan1, ZHU Juhong1, WANG Dehuan1, GE Mihong1, HUANG Yuan2, ZHOU Mobing1
(1. Institute of Crops, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430345, Hubei, China; 2. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China)
Abstract: Raising vegetable seedling is an essential practice in vegetable cultivation owing to the production of vegetable seedlings is important for having a good yield and quality. In the first ten years of this century, the industrialized vegetable seeding developed rapidly under the support of relevant departments of Wuhan municipal government. However, in recent years, seedling production faced with many problems and continue to plod along at an slow pace. In order to provide reference for promoting the healthy development of Wuhan's industrialized vegetable seeding, here we summarized the development characteristics of industrialized vegetable seeding in Wuhan. In view of the practical problems existing in seedlings production, such as imperfect equipment, high production cost, insufficient scientific and technological research ability, unstable seedling quality etc., the article put forward improvement suggestions from four aspects, including overall planning by the government, reducing production cost, strengthening scientific and technological innovation, and improving seedling industry standards.
Key words: Wuhan; Industrialized vegetable seeding; Status; Problems; Countermeasures
蔬菜是武漢市农业的主导产业[1]。据统计,2017年武汉市蔬菜总面积达到17.6万 hm2,产值超250亿元,占农业总产值1/3以上,是农业第一大支柱产业[2]。育苗是蔬菜生产中的关键环节,优质种苗是蔬菜早熟、丰产的基础,关系到整个蔬菜生产的成败[3]。与传统的育苗方式相比,工厂化育苗省工、省力、成本低、节约用种、成苗率高,秧苗定植后根系活力好,缓苗快,便于实现机械化操作,有利于进行统一管理和新品种、新技术推广等优点,可以做到周年连续生产[4-5]。21世纪初期,在武汉市政府相关部门的支持下工厂化育苗产业得到迅速发展,尤其是瓜类蔬菜嫁接育苗技术曾处国内领先地位。笔者在总结武汉市蔬菜工厂化育苗产业发展特点的基础上,分析存在的问题,提出对应的措施和建议,以期对武汉市蔬菜工厂化育苗产业发展提供参考。……