供应链利润分配中物流供应商竞争力研究

杨洪

摘  要：当前我国物流行业参与者多、集中度低、市场化程度高，行业同质化竞争现象明显。在经济下行压力凸显的大环境下，物流企业往往被动接受货主企业屡次压价行为，由此导致物流企业利润空间被大幅压缩。物流企业作为物流服务的供给者，在实体经济中扮演着不可或缺的角色。在供应链利润分配中，物流供给商与货主企业间是一种竞争博弈关系，文章引入古诺模型和伯川德模型从供给量和价格视角研究物流供给商如何提升竞争力以获得更大的供应链利润分配权。

关键词：古诺模型;伯川德模型;供给商;竞争;利润

中图分类号：F274    文献标识码：A

Abstract： China's logistics industry has many participants， low concentration and high degree of marketization， and the phenomenon of homogeneous competition is obvious. In the environment of economic downward pressure， logistics enterprises often passively accept the repeated price reduction behavior of cargo owners， which leads to a substantial reduction of the profit space of logistics enterprises. As the supplier of logistics services， logistics enterprises play an indispensable role in the real economy. In the profit distribution of supply chain， the relationship between logistics suppliers and shippers is a kind of competitive game. This paper introduces Cournot model and Bertrand model to study how logistics suppliers improve their competitiveness in order to obtain greater distribution rights of supply chain profits from the perspective of supply quantity and price.

Key words： Cournot model; Bertrand model; quantity supplied; price; competion

经济不景气、货运量小、竞争激烈，不接受货主企業（物流需求方）压价要求，客户就会流失，这是当前部分物流企业（物流供给商）惨淡经营的真实写照。处于相对弱势地位的物流供给商在与物流需求方合作过程中想要取得竞争优势，物流供给商之间应保持一种竞争合作的关系。下文引入博弈论中古诺模型和伯川德模型来分析研究物流供给商的竞争策略。

1  基于古诺竞争模型的供给策略

古诺竞争模型是一种产量竞争模型，将供给量作为竞争手段。根据古诺竞争模型的假定，现设物流供给商1和物流供给商2提供同质化的物流服务;设物流供给商1的物流供给量为q，物流供给商2的物流供给量为q，物流供给总量表达式为q=q+q;设物流市场的需求曲线表达式为q=a-p，p为物流服务的价格，a为常数，则物流市场的反需求函数表达式为 pq=a-q。……