王秀清 郭旭彦
摘 要:对苹果木生产香菇情况进行调研,从来源、成本、效益、品质等方面进行分析,认为利用苹果木生产香菇可行。但目前存在原料来源难于持续供应、修剪枝条产生的木屑有限、生产香菇缺乏后劲问题。建议通过工厂化生产其他品种食用菌,生产特色香菇,从而减轻食用菌快速发展和木屑资源紧张的矛盾,达到废物充分利用,实现食用菌产业可持續发展。
关键词:香菇;替代料;苹果木
中图分类号:S646.1+2 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.04.006
Abstract: Based on the investigation of the production of Lentinus edodes with apple wood, the paper analyzed the source, cost, benefit and quality of the mushroom. It was considered that the production of Lentinus edodes with apple wood was feasible. However, there were still some problems, such as the difficulty of continuous supply of raw materials, the limited sawdust produced by pruning branches, and the lack of stamina in the production of Lentinus edodes.In order to reduce the contradiction between the rapid development of edible fungi and the shortage of sawdust resources, to make full use of waste and to realize the sustainable development of edible fungi industry, it was suggested to produce other kinds of edible fungi and characteristic Lentinus edodes through factory.
Key words: Lentinus edodes; substitutes; apple word
香菇属于典型的木腐菌,人工栽培经历了砍花法、段木栽培、代料栽培3个阶段[1],尤其是20世纪70年代福建古田彭兆旺先生发明香菇菌棒代料袋栽,已经发展将近50年[2],代料栽培对树种有一定要求,多采用阔叶树木屑,香菇从出菇到出菇结束一般要持续6个月。一般来说,所选栽培树种材质越硬实,所生产的干香菇、鲜香菇品质越好[1]。如金针菇、海鲜菇、杏鲍菇等木腐菌均找到替代物进行工厂化生产,而黄毅[3]指出我国暂时不适合进行香菇工厂化周年大面积栽培。盛进之[4]对香菇和金针菇等工厂化品种生产的成本进行比较和从市场价格进行分析,认为香菇工厂化生产目前还不具备可行性。计妍和赵利兵[5]分析2019年工厂化生产香菇比例仅在5%左右,香菇栽培具有周期长,出菇不定向等特点[4],目前依旧采用农法模式进行大规模栽培,栽培过程使用麻栎木等阔叶树种木屑进行栽培[1]。
我国食用菌品种众多,但以木腐菌为……