基于车辆工程专业认证的流体力学教学实践

肖国权

摘 要：根据车辆工程专业认证分解的流体力学课程对学生毕业的支撑要求，针对流体力学课堂教学缺乏针对复杂工程问题建模、分析和深入研究的教学环节，提出流体力学课程四个方面的教学目标，并结合目标重点探讨了实现流体力学课程目标的教学实践：（1）基于流体基础理论，解释汽车空气动力学特性;（2）结合汽车气动减阻，讲授建模与求解技术;（3）结合冷却模块建模求解，讲透“数形”结合法;（4）针对汽车造型设计问题，采用数值风洞教学。通过上述实践，为学生多角度、多方位地分析汽车气动减阻和造型设计问题提供了进行各种尝试的机会，有效提高了流体力学理论教学效果，并促进了学生对车辆工程中复杂的空气动力学问题的建模、分析和深入研究的应用。

关键词：流体力学 理论教学 汽车CFD 衔接 教学实践

The Teaching Practice of Fluid Mechanics based on the Certification of Vehicle Engineering

Xiao Guoquan

Abstract：According to the requirements of the fluid mechanics course decomposed by the vehicle engineering professional certification to support students' graduation， aiming at the fluid mechanics classroom teaching lacking the teaching links for modeling， the article conducts an in-depth analysis and research of complex engineering problems， and proposes the four aspects of the fluid mechanics course teaching goals. The article focuses on the teaching practice to achieve the fluid mechanics course objectives：（1）Based on the basic theory of fluids， the article explains the aerodynamic characteristics of automobiles;（2）Combining automobile aerodynamic drag reduction， the article discusses the teach modeling and solving techniques;（3）Combining the modeling and solving of the cooling module， the article explains the "number and shape" combination method;（4）Aiming at the problem of automobile modeling design， the article adopts numerical wind tunnel teaching. Through the above practice， it provides students with opportunities to analyze automobile aerodynamic drag reduction and styling design issues from multiple angles and directions， which effectively improves the teaching effect of fluid mechanics theory， and promotes students' understanding of the application of modeling， analysis and in-depth study of dynamics problems of the complex air engineering.

Key words：fluid mechanics， theoretical teaching， automobile CFD， cohesion， teaching practice

1 引言

流體力学是车辆工程与机械工程等专业本科生的必修课。该课程概念与原理多，抽象难懂，且对高等数学、大学物理与理论力学等先修课程要求高。基于工程教育专业认证的毕业要求，本课程的贡献需要体现在以下三方面：（1）工程知识方面：掌握流体基础和专业知识解释复杂工程问题，并能建立正确的数学、力学模型;（2）问题分析方面：能够应用流体力学的基本原理，识别、表达复杂机械工程问题;（3）研究方面：能够基于流体力学科学原理和方法分析与解释试验数据、并通过信息综合得到合理有效的结论，完成对专业相关复杂工程问题进行研究。……