基质栽培对番茄产量和品质影响的Meta分析

杨俊雪 王冲 石如岳 于点 高萌萌

摘    要：为整合分析基质栽培对番茄产量和品质的综合效应，以“番茄” “基质” “产量”或“品质”为主要关键词进行文献检索，在知网、万方和Web of Science中共筛选出符合Meta分析标准的文献38篇;以土壤栽培为对照，选择增产率=（处理产量-对照产量）/对照产量×100% 作为产量效应值，选择y=ln R（R表示处理指标/对照指标）作为品质指标效应值，采用Meta分析方法，整合分析不同配方基质栽培对番茄产量和品质的影响，并分类分析影响产量和品质效应的因素。Meta分析结果表明，与土壤栽培相比，基质栽培显著提高了番茄产量和部分品质指标;基质容重在0.6 g·cm-3左右、总孔隙度在70%～80%、有机质含量（w）>10%时所生产的番茄产量更高、品质更优。

关键词：番茄;基质栽培;产量;品质;Meta分析

中图分类号：S641.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）06-047-07

Effects of substrate culture on the yield and quality of tomato： a Meta-analysis

YANG Junxue1， WANG Chong1， SHI Ruyue1， YU Dian1， GAO Mengmeng2

（1. College of Resources and Environmental Science， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China; 2. College of Horticulture， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China ）

Abstract： In order to integrate and analyze the comprehensive effects of substrate cultivation on tomato yield and quality， 38 papers were selected from CNKI， Wanfang and web of science with the key words of "tomato"， "substrate"， "yield" or "quality". The soil cultivation was set as control， yield increasing rate = （treatment yield - control yield） / control yield×100% was selected as yield effect value， and y = lnR （R=treatment index / control index） was selected as the effect value of quality index. The influence of different formula substrates on the yield and quality of tomato was analyzed by meta-analysis method， and the factors influencing the yield and quality were classified and analyzed. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the soil culture， tomato yield and some quality indicators were significantly increased by substrate culture. When the bulk density of the substrate was about 0.6 g·cm-3， the total porosity was 70%-80%， and the organic matter content was more than 10%， the tomato could obtain high yield and good quality.

Key words： Tomato; Substrate culture; Yield; Quality; Meta-analysis

番茄是一種世界性的蔬菜、水果作物[1]，营养丰富，深受人们喜爱。目前番茄多采用设施大棚进行栽培，连续种植多年的大棚普遍存在严重的连作障碍问题，而无土栽培技术作为克服连作障碍最有效、最经济和最彻底的办法[2]，在很多地区推广应用。无土栽培主要分成3种类型：基质栽培、水培和气雾培，其中，基质栽培所需设备简单，后期管理投入少，生产过程中性质稳定，在实际生产中应用最为广泛[3]。基质栽培根据基质的不同可分为无机基质栽培、有机基质栽培和混合基质栽培3种类型。珍珠岩、蛭石、炉渣、岩棉等无机基质一般很少含有营养，主要起固定支撑植物的作用，因此无机基质栽培完全靠营养液供给作物养分，对营养液的管理要求比较严格，应用成本相对较高。有……