生物炭基肥对衰弱杨梅树果实品质的改良作用

尤建林 高恒锦 任海英

摘 要：為探讨生物炭基肥对衰弱杨梅果树果实品质的改良作用，以东魁、荸荠种、早炭梅8801等3个杨梅品种的衰弱植株为试验材料，以常规施肥处理为对照（CK），设置生物炭基肥 2.5 kg·株-1·年-1 （L1）、5.0 kg·株-1·年-1（L2）、10.0 kg·株-1·年-1（L3） 3个处理，研究生物炭基肥不同用量对东魁、荸荠种、早炭梅8801等3个品种杨梅衰弱植株的果实大小（果实纵横径）、单果质量、果实色泽、可溶性固形物含量及Vc含量的影响。结果表明：施用生物炭基肥对衰弱杨梅树果实品质的影响不同，各品质指标差异与杨梅不同品种、生物炭基肥施用量有关。与CK相比，施用生物炭基肥10.0 kg·株-1·年-1，东魁杨梅树果实Vc含量显著升高，增幅达23.3%;荸荠种杨梅树单果质量、可溶性固形物和Vc含量分别比CK增加19.93%、7.76%和10.56%;而早炭梅8801杨梅树施用生物炭基肥5.0 kg·株-1·年-1，单果重比CK增幅达16.06%。综上说明生物炭基肥对衰弱杨梅树果实品质有一定的改良作用，建议生产上适度推广。

关键词：杨梅;生物炭基肥;果实品质;改良

中图分类号：S 667.6   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）05-0033-05

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.05.007

Improvement Effects of Biochar Base Fertilizer on the Fruit Quality of Weak Myrica Rubra

YOU Jian-lin1， 2， GAO Heng-jin2， REN Hai-ying1*

（1. Institute of Horticulture， Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 310021， China;

2. Linhai Specialty Technology Promotion Station， Linhai， Zhejiang 317000， China）

Abstract： In order to explore the effect of biochar base fertilizer on the improvement of fruit quality of the weak Myrica rubra， by using the three varieties of Myrica rubra （Dongkui， Biqizhong， and Zaotanmei 8801） as the experimental materials， and taking the conventional fertilizer treatment as the control group （CK）， three treatments of biochar base fertilizer， including 2.5 kg·plant-1·year-1 （L1）， 5.0 kg·plant-1·year-1 （L2）， and 10.0 kg·plant-1·year-1 （L3） were set to study the effects of different amounts of biochar base fertilizer on the fruit size （vertical diameter and transverse diameter）， fruit quality， fruit color， soluble solid content and vitamin C content of the three different varieties of weak Myrica rubra （Dongkui， Biqizhong， and Zaotanmei 8801）. The results showed that the application of biochar base fertilizer had different effects on the fruit quality of weak Myrica rubra， and the difference of each quality index was related to the different varieties of Myrica rubra and the application amount of biochar base fertilizer. Compared with CK， when the application amount of biochar base fertilizer was 10.0 kg·plant-1·year-1， the content of vitamin C in the fruit of Dongkui was significantly increased by 23.3%; the single fruit weight， soluble solid content and vitamin C content of Biqizhong was increased by 19.93%， 7.76% and 10.56% compared with CK， respectively. However， when the application amount of biochar base fertilizer was 5.0 kg·plant-1·year-1， the single fruit weight of Zaotanmei 8801 was increased by 16.06% compared with CK. In conclusion， the biochar base fertilizer had certain improvement effect on the fruit quality of weak Myrica rubra， so it was suggested to moderately popularize in production.

Key words： Myrica rubra;Biochar base fertilizer;Fruit quality; Improvement

浙江是全国杨梅的最集中产区，是世界杨梅的产业中心，杨梅栽培面积和产值位居浙江水果产业第一[1]。近年来，杨梅树势衰弱引起的杨梅衰弱病在果园陆续发生，主要表现为生物量萎缩，全树（部分枝条）枝叶稀疏，叶片发黄并伴随老叶脱落、新叶成簇在顶端暂存，结果量增大，果实小而酸等现象。该病在东魁杨梅、荸荠种杨梅等主栽品种上发病较多，且没有发病中心和明显的传播规律，严重的造成植株死亡，经济效益下降，影响梅农收益。……