梨高光效果园标准化生产关键技术

2021-08-16 05:00:00蔚露牛自勉程晓廷卢志俊何江林琭
山西果树 2021年4期

蔚露 牛自勉 程晓廷 卢志俊 何江 林琭

摘 要:针对山西省及我国黄土高原梨树产区标准化生产的技术需求,以国家重点研发计划课题和山西省水果产业体系建设项目的研究成果为依托,系统阐述了梨树优质高效生产的标准化管理技术,内容包括:不同密度果园的标准化管理、不同树形的标准化整形修剪及优质果实发育的标准化管理技术,为山西省及我国黄土高原产区玉露香梨优质高效生产提出了可以借鉴的技术途径。

关键词:梨;果园密度;树形模式;花果管理;果实品质

文章编号:2096-8108(2021)04-0039-05  中图分类号:S661.2  文献标识码:A

Standardized Production Technique of High Light-efficiency Pear Orchard

YU Lu1, NIU Zimian1*,CHENG Xiaoting2,LU Zhijun2,HE Jiang2,LIN Lu1

(1.College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China;

2.Service Center of Comprehensive Industrial Development of Pu County, Pu County 041200,China)

Abstract:According to the requirements of standardized production technology of pear trees, aimed to provide scientific basis and technology reference for pear growers in Shanxi Province and on Loess Plateau in China in the high quality and efficient production of Yuluxiang pear, The standardized management technique of pear growing with high quality and efficiency was systematically expounded, including the standardized management of different density orchards, the standardized management technique of training and pruning of different tree forms and high quality fruit development, which based on the research results of national science and technology planning project and Shanxi fruit industry system construction project.

Keywords:pear; orchard density; tree form model; management during florescence and fruit set; fruit quality

梨是重要的果樹栽培树种之一[1],我国现有梨树栽培面积80万hm2,是世界梨第一生产大国[2-3],已经成为继苹果之后我国北方产区的第二大水果产业[4]。目前梨树生产上多数果园为乔化密植或半密植果园,且为固定密度果园,随着树龄的增加,树冠体积和枝量均在增加,导致了树与树之间树冠交错和枝叶郁闭,果园透光率、光合速率和养分积累效率显著降低,因此需要探讨与高光效果园相一致的果园密度。

从树形模式来看,生产上主要采用自由纺锤形、小冠疏层形[5-6]、水平棚架形等树形进行栽培管理。这些树形模式提高了乔化果园的单位面积产量,但进入盛果期后通常伴随树冠郁闭和果园郁闭的问题,导致果园光照恶化、品质下降、效益下滑,因此需要探讨高光效果园环境下适宜的树形模式和整形修剪技术。

优质高效生产是目前国内外梨树生产的主旋律[7],也是山西省在内的我国高原梨树产区提质增效的特色途径。……

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