耕地、施肥、插苗、浇灌、垄埂全自动化一体机的设计

闫海敬 王志远 王彦凯 赵鹏飞 李仰欢 阚远

摘要：现有的传统耕种机械普遍存在着环境适应能力差和工作效率低下等问题，而这些问题也严重影响到了耕种的工作效率和工作质量。为了克服现有技术的不足，设计了一款用 SolidWorks建模设计的一种耕地、插苗、浇水、施肥、隆埂全自动化一体机，该机构主要由机车、扎土装置、施肥装置、碾平装置、浇灌装置、插苗装置、补苗装置和安装垄埂装置等组成，能够很好地实现耕地、施肥、插苗、浇灌及垄埂等过程的自动化，该机通过多个装置协调运行使幼苗成活率更高，并且通过多次3Dmax 仿真实验可以证明，使用此机器后插苗率可高达90%～95%，插苗基本不会存在漏苗脱耕的现象。使用此机器后即可一人一天种出50000颗树苗，植树效率大大提高。若以此机器代替传统机器，能够有效克服现有技术的不足，得到更完善的适应性和更好的经济性。

关键词：高效;农机;智能;适应性强;全自动

中图分类号：TP24;S23             文獻标志码：A        文章编号：1009-9492（2021）12-0127-04

Design of Fully Automatic All-in-one Machine for Fertilizing， TransplantingSeedlings， Watering Ridges and Ridges on Cultivated Land

Yan Haijing ，Wang Zhiyuan ，Wang Yankai ，Zhao Pengfei ，Li Yanghuan ，Kan Yuan

（Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， Binzhou University， Binzhou， Shandong 256600， China）

Abstract： The existing traditional farming machinery generally has some problems， such as poor environmental adaptability and low work efficiency， which also seriously affect the work efficiency and quality of farming. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology， a fully automatic one-piece machine for planting seedlings， watering， fertilizing and ridge raising of cultivated land based on SolidWorks modeling was designed. The mechanism is mainly composed of locomotive， soil cutting device， fertilizing device， flattening device， watering device， seedling inserting device， seedling supplement device and ridge installation device. The machine can well realize the automation of cultivated land， fertilization， seedling transplanting， irrigation， ridge and other processes. The coordinated operation of multiple devices makes the seedling survival rate higher. Moreover， it can be proved by several 3Dmax simulation experiments that the seedling transplanting rate can be as high as 90%～95% after using the machine， and there will be no phenomenon of missing seedlings and de tillage. After using the machine， 50000 saplings can be planted a day， and the tree planting efficiency is greatly improved. If the machine replaces the traditional machine， it can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and obtain more perfect adaptability and better economy.

Key words： high efficiency; agricultural machinery; intelligence; strong adaptability; full automation

0 引言

随着我国农业经济的不断发展，机械代替人工耕作将成为发展趋势。但传统耕种机械普遍存在着的环境适应能力差和工作效率低下等问题[1]，为了克服现有的传统耕种机存在的问题，本文设计的一种耕地插苗浇水施肥隆埂全自动化一体机。

随着国家在西部地区相继启动实施了京津风沙源治理、天然林保护、退耕还林、退牧还草等一批重点生态建设工程[2]。小农经济将不再是主流，通过人力进行农耕作业，其工作量多，时间长，劳动强度大，而且工作效率底，无法达到相应的作业质量，所以急需一种新型的用于农耕的自动化一体机来解决上述问题[3]。……