高静雅


内容摘要:敦煌本《文场秀句》部分内容发现之前,《文场秀句》早已散佚,但日本存有多部文献,如《日本国见在书目录》《仲文章》《注好选》等对《文场秀句》进行了著录、援引,为了解《文场秀句》在日本的流传及影响提供了丰富的资料。通过考察日本所存文献,可推断《文场秀句》传入日本的时间当在889年之前,并从日本所存文献中采得其佚文及相关内容35条,可进一步增补敦煌本《文场秀句》缺失的部类、事对、释文等,探讨《文场秀句》在日本的流传及其对日本类书、秀句集编撰的影响。
关键词:《文场秀句》;日本文献;价值;影响
中图分类号:G256.1 文獻标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2021)06-0116-11
The Spread and Influence of Wenchang Xiuju in Japan
GAO Jingya
(College of History, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048)
Abstract:The text of Wenchang Xiuju had long been thought lost to history before the discovery of a copy in the documents of Dunhuang, but the contents of this text was described and quoted in many Japanese historical manuscripts, which makes understanding the spread and influence of this book in Japan a unique task for historical research. This paper studies the Japanese documents that make mention of Wenchang Xiuju, identifies and collects an additional 35 lost articles and related entries from Japanese documents, and infers that this Chinese manuscript was introduced into Japan sometime shortly before 889. This cross-cultural study of textual influence can supplement the missing categories, events, and explanations of the Dunhuang version of Wenchang Xiuju and be used to further explore the impact the text had in Japan on the compilation of reference books and collections of Xiuju (concise, wise sentences written in beautiful prose).
Keywords:Wenchang Xiuju; Japanese documents; value; influence
敦煌本《文场秀句》{1}作为“属对”类蒙书,具有训练属对、掌握典故的功用{2}。学界对于属对的研究,多言其为宋元以后的教育方式{3},但随着敦煌文献的发现,《文场秀句》等属对训练的教材得以重见天日,为了解唐代属对训练的情况提供了文献基础。《文场秀句》虽然随着时代变迁退出了历史舞台,在后世史志中不见相关记载{4},然它却曾流传到邻国日本,并在中日文化交流与传播的过程中扮演着十分重要的角色。日本多部文献著录、援引、保留了《文场秀句》的内容,可见《文场秀句》在日本具有一定的影响。
学界对《文场秀句》在日本流传情况的论述,多散见于《文场秀句》作者、性质的研究之中。目前所见,日本学者福田俊昭的《〈注好选〉所引の〈文场秀句〉考》一文[1],最早探讨了《注好选》中所引《文场秀句》情况,引起了学界对《文场秀句》研治的重视。……