喷施叶面硅肥对白茶产量及品质的影响

2021-09-03 03:59:40林珊林逸冰江胜滔刘伟谢建平
中国茶叶 2021年7期

林珊 林逸冰 江胜滔 刘伟 谢建平

摘要:硅肥能够提高作物抵抗非生物胁迫的抗性,提高作物产量和品质。为明确叶面硅肥对茶叶产量及品质的影响,以喷施清水为对照,早春对福鼎大毫茶喷施1次叶面硅肥,统计分析其对福鼎大毫茶产量及品质的影响。结果表明,喷施1次叶面硅肥后,春茶发芽密度增加8.58%~15.24%,百芽质量增加10.02%~18.86%,鲜叶产量增加12.59%~18.46%,且喷施叶面硅肥有利于提高干茶的水浸出物、茶多酚、咖啡碱含量及游离氨基酸总量,从而提高茶叶品质。

关键词:叶面硅肥;茶叶产量;品质

Effects of Foliar Application of Silicon

Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of White Tea

LIN Shan1, LIN Yibing2, JIANG Shengtao1, LIU Wei1*, XIE Jianping3

1. School of Life Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352106, China;2. School of Education and Art, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352106, China;3. Wuyishan Bocheng Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Nanping 354300, China

Abstract: Silicon can improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salt, freezing, heavy metals, etc., and improve

yield and quality. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of silicon fertilizer on tea yield and quality, the

foliar silicon fertilizer was sprayed once in early spring (with spraying of water as a control) to study the change

characteristics of the yield and quality of Fuding Dahaocha. The results show that when the foliar silicon fertilizer was

sprayed in early March and picked within one month, the bud density increased by 8.58%~15.24%, the hundred bud

weight increased by 10.02%~18.86%, and the fresh leaf yield increased by 12.59%~18.46%. In addition, it is

beneficial to increase the contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, caffeine and total free amino acids, and improve

the quality of tea.

Keywords: foliar silicon fertilizer, tea yield, quality

自20世纪70年代开展硅肥利用研究以来,我国在硅肥的应用上取得诸多进展。硅肥不仅能够改良红壤[1]、盐碱地[2],还能减轻重金属[3]对作物的污染。目前,硅肥不仅在水稻上得到大量推广,在水果类如苹果、梨、草莓等,蔬菜类如黄瓜、西红柿、大白菜等,以及烟草、甘蔗等经济作物上也得到应用,均获得了增产、提质的效果[4]。但有关喷施叶面硅肥对茶叶产量和品质的研究较少,为此,本研究在福鼎大毫茶上进行叶面硅肥的相关研究,以明确其对茶叶产量和品质的影响。

一、材料与方法

1. 试验茶园

2020年3—5月在位于宁德市福鼎市点头镇后井村的茶园内开展试验,茶园为丘陵坡地,土壤为红黄壤,pH值4.5~6.0,土壤有机质含量>15 g/kg,碱解氮130 g/kg,有效磷41.3 mg/kg,速效钾105 mg/kg。茶树品种为福鼎大毫茶(华茶2号),树龄13年左右。

试验茶园于2019年10月15日结合清园松土施有机肥(腐熟农家肥)6 000 kg/hm2,整个生长季共追施三元素复合肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15)3次,分别于春茶前(采春茶前30 d)、夏茶前(4月底至5月初)和秋茶前(7月中下旬)追施,3次追肥用量比例为40∶30∶30,每次50 kg。……

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