功能性训练对古典式摔跤运动员下肢肌力的影响

王东需 邵承颖 姜华琛 李扬 姚泽龙

摘 要：目的：探究下肢功能性训练方案对于改善古典跤运动员膝关节伸肌群与屈膝肌群肌力平衡的实际效果。方法：前期通过对相关文献资料的查阅，并对相关专家进行访谈，确定研究方向，应用等速肌力测试方法，选取10名古典式摔跤运动员为研究对象，对其进行膝关节等速向心肌力测试，制定为期8周的下肢功能性训练方案，实验前后数据获取采用重复测量，组内采用独立样本t检验分析实验前后测试数据。结果：8周下肢功能性训练后：1）左右侧促使膝关节屈的肌群，在肌力方面有显著性提高（P<0.01），左侧伸膝关节肌群肌力也有明显提高（P<0.05）;2）右侧膝关节伸肌群与屈肌群肌力的平衡性，实验前后有明显提高（P<0.05）。结论：通过对古典式摔跤运动员施加下肢功能性训练干预，可以显著提高其膝关节屈伸肌群肌力的平衡，增加弱侧链肌肉力量，对于增强其膝关节的稳定性，降低膝关节发生损伤的几率有着积极的作用。

关键词：古典式摔跤;功能性训练;膝关节;肌力

中图分类号：G886.2  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1009-9840（2021）03-0043-05

Abstract：Objective：To explore the practical effect of lower limb functional training program on improving the muscle balance of knee extensor group and knee flexion group of classical wrestlers.Methods：In the early stage， by consulting the relevant literature and interviewing the relevant experts， the research direction was determined， and 10 Greco-Roman wrestlers were selected by using the isokinetic muscle strength test method. The isokinetic myocardial strength of knee joint was tested， and the functional training program of lower extremities for 8 weeks was worked out. The data before and after the experiment were obtained by repeated measurement. The independent sample t-test was used to analyze the test data before and after the experiment. Results：After 8 weeks of functional training of lower extremities： 1） The muscle strength of left knee extensor joint and left knee extensor joint was significantly improved after 8 weeks of functional training （P<0.01）; 2） The muscle strength of right knee extensor group and flexion muscle group was significantly improved after the experiment （P<0.05）， and the balance of muscle strength between right knee extensor group and flexion group was significantly improved after the experiment （P<0.05）. Conclusion：The intervention of lower limb functional training for Greco-Roman wrestlers can significantly improve the muscle strength balance of flexion and extensor muscles of knee joint， increase the muscle strength of weak side chain， and enhance the stability of knee joint. It plays a positive role in reducing the probability of knee joint injury.

Key words：Greco-Roman wrestling; functional training; knee joint; muscle strength

目前，功能性訓练逐渐成为竞技体育运动中探讨的热门话题，在我国竞技体育中也越来越受到重视，成为我国研究人员与教练员探索的重点。作为国际上一种较为先进的训练理论体系，其目的性更加明确，依据三个方面进行训练设计身体素质、运动素质和身体机能[6]。动能性训练是基础的体能训练与高度的专项性训练相融合的一种训练模式，它以运动员的自我感觉为中心，通过正负反馈系统的反馈来确定外部负荷刺激，使训练更具有目的性和有效性[7]。功能性训练理论体系，是将人作为一个整体，通过整体的运动链指导训练动作，将国际前沿的训练学理论知识，以更为直观的、可操作性的模式作用于训练实践，目的性更加明确地解决问题，创造并提出更为先进的训练理论概念，使人们重新认识人体运动链、基本的动作模式、核心训练、动作所具有的功能性以及动作姿态的正确性和呼吸模式的重要性[8]。……