摘要:中国涉海立法的逻辑体例与包容程度使与生物安全有关的法律法规得以纳入其中。生物安全规范与中国涉海立法之间既有关联性,又具切合性,其为《中华人民共和国生物安全法》的直接授意,也从理论上将人类卫生健康共同体与全球海洋治理相互衔接。这种纳入从立法路径上来看有单行式立法、综合式立法以及嵌入式立法三种模式,但目前这种纳入仍面临着载体的缺乏以及构建样态的不稳定等问题。为此,在结合现行中国立法环境背景、目的、效率、定位以及制度体量等因素的基础上,建议出台一部《海洋生物安全管理条例》,并特别规范《中华人民共和国生物安全法》所关注的重要领域中的国家生物安全发展战略及政策、海洋生物安全的管理体制、海洋生物多样性维护以及海洋生物技术研发。
关键词:生物安全;涉海立法;海洋公共卫生;管理体制
中图分类号:D922.14文献标志码:A
文章编号:2096-028X(2021)03-0069-07
Analysis on the justification of bringing the biosecurity into the marine legislation and its system construction
WANG Chong1,2
(1.Law School,Sun-Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;2.Southern Marine Science and Engineering
Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519080,China)
Abstract:The logical style and inclusiveness of our countrys marine legislation have enabled laws and regulations related to biosecurity to be included. Biosecurity norms and marine legislation are both related and relevant. They are the direct inspiration of Biosecurity Law of the Peoples Republic of China and theoretically connect the human health community with global ocean governance. There are three models for this kind of inclusion, which are single-line legislation, comprehensive legislation and embedded legislation. However, this inclusion still faces problems such as the lack of carriers and the instability of the structure. To this end, based on the current environmental background, purpose, efficiency, positioning, and institutional size of our countrys legislation, it is recommended to introduce the Regulation on the Marine
Biosecurity Management, and focus on several important areas within Biosecurity Law of the Peoples Republic of China, such as the national biosecurity development strategy and policy, the management system of marine biosecurity, the maintenance of marine biodiversity, and the research and development of marine biotechnology.
Key words:biosecurity;marine legislation;marine public health;management system
作为法学与生物学交叉学科的研究领域,生物安全管理法律体系的建设近来一直是备受关注的议题。2020年10月,第十三届全国人大常委会第二十次会议审议通过了《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(简称《生物安全法》),该法于2021年4月起施行,包括了十章的内容,对于生物安全风险防控体制、防控重大新发突发传染病、动植物疫情、生物技术研究等进行了详细的规定。《生物安全法》的出台,有助于系统地梳理现存较为零散和碎片化的且与生物安全紧密相关的法律法规,填补了在这一领域里基础性法律的空白。……