论海事调查行为的可诉性范围

2021-10-08 05:12:27于登君
中国海商法研究 2021年3期

摘要:基于最高人民法院判定海事调查责任认定书影响当事人权利义务的前提,对海事调查行为的性质进行了系统梳理。海事调查并非是一种行政行为,它是多种行为组成的行为链,且行为与行为之间既具有独立性,也具有起承转合的顺序关系。各行为根据产生的不同法律效果,体现出不同的行为性质。对海事调查行为的司法审查,应限于影响当事人权利义务关系的责任判定行为。对于不影响当事人权利义务关系的其他内容,不应纳入司法审查范围。

关键词:水上交通事故;海事调查;可诉性;安全调查

中图分类号:D925.3文献标志码:A

文章编号:2096-028X(2021)03-0097-08

On the possibility of administrative

lawsuit in maritime accident investigation

YU Deng-jun

(Dalian Maritime Safety Administration of the Peoples Republic of China,Dalian 116300,China)

Abstract:According to the ruling of the Supreme Peoples Court, the confirmation of maritime investigation responsibility affects the rights and obligations of the parties, based on this, the paper systematically sorts out the nature of maritime investigation. Maritime investigation is not an administrative act, it is a chain of various behaviors which are independent and sequential with each other. Depending on the different legal effects, the nature of behavior is also different. The judicial review of maritime investigation should be limited to the liability judgement which affects the rights and obligations of the parties. The judicial review should not include the contents which have no effect on the rights and obligations of the parties.

Key words:waterborne traffic accident; maritime investigation; lawsuit possibility; safety investigation

2020年3月以前,海事调查责任认定不可诉应该是行政机关和司法机关的共识。最高人民法院民四庭王淑梅法官《在全国海事审判实务座谈会上的总结讲话》(2017年)中第17条“海事行政案件等其他问题”第2项对海事调查可诉性的问题也作出了详细解释,认为《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》(简称《行政诉讼法》)第2条规定了行政诉权的范围,即行政诉讼针对的是侵犯了当事人合法权益的行政行为。事故责任认定书是行政机关通过调查对当事人责任进行划分的书证,是证据的一种,并不能直接影响当事人的权利义务。如果该认定书确系错误,当事人可以向上一级机关申请重新认定,也可通过提供足以推翻认定书的证据并由法院在诉讼过程中另行认定。[1]海口海事法院、海南省高级人民法院、广州海事法院、大连海事法院近年来也有多起关于水上交通事故责任认定书不可诉的司法案例。……

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