生态系统完整性理念视域下无居民海岛治理法治路径探析

摘要：实现可持续发展是以生态系统完整性理念推进无居民海岛治理的核心要义。无居民海岛开发利用受生态规律的制约，具有环境与资源一体化的生态特征，该特征决定了无居民海岛治理适合以生态系统完整性理念作为价值基础，而生态系统完整性理念转化为治理体系和治理效能则需要借助法治化路径加以实现。在治理体系层面，以综合立法统摄无居民海岛治理，核心要义是尊重生态系统自身价值和无居民海岛生态系统完整性，统筹无居民海岛环境保护与资源利用规则体系。在治理能力层面，将制度优势转化为治理效能，需要修正无居民海岛监督管理模式，推动无居民海岛治理由社会管理向社会治理过渡，适用“政府和社会资本合作”模式推进无居民海岛生态环境治理，以实现无居民海岛治理制度化、规范化、高效化。

关键词：无居民海岛;综合立法;生态系统完整性;社会治理;政府和社会资本合作

中图分类号：D922.6文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-028X（2021）03-0076-14

Legal paths of uninhabited islands ecological governance in China from the

perspective of the concept of ecosystem integrity

MA Jin-xing

（Institute of International Law，Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100720，China）

Abstract：Sustainable development is the core issue of uninhabited islands ecological governance from the perspective of the concept of ecosystem integrity. The development and utilization of uninhabited islands are restricted by ecological laws and have the ecological characteristics of integration of environment and resources， which determine that the uninhabited islands governance is suitable to take the concept of ecosystem integrity as the value basis， and the concept of ecosystem integrity needs to be solidified through legislation when it is reified as system and capacity for governance. In terms of the system for governance， to promote the integrated management legislation based on the concept of ecosystem integrity， the core essence is to respect the self-value of the ecosystem and the integrity of the uninhabited islands ecosystem， and to coordinate the island environmental protection and resource utilization rules system. In terms of the capacity for governance， it is suggested to modify the mode of uninhabited islands management， and to promote the uninhabited islands governance from social management to social governance， and the Public-Private-Partnership should be used in uninhabited islands ecological governance in order to lead to systematized， standardized and efficient way.

Key words：uninhabited islands; integrated legislation; ecosystem integrity; social governance; Public-Private-Partnership

無居民海岛具有自然资源与生态环境的一体化属性，海岛与周边海域的生态构成具有完整性。

《海岛保护法》规定对无居民海岛实现综合管理，2019年《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》提出，运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展，完善陆海统筹的生态环境治理体系

。优化无居民海岛治理，已然是海洋领域推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成部分。……