班本化课程：从教师主导走向幼儿自主

张健

【摘  要】随着学前教育改革的深入，课程游戏化已经逐渐融入幼儿园一日活动的各个环节。此时富有班级特色的班本活动在许多幼儿园开展起来，它是建构在教师与幼儿的互动中、在教师之间理念的沟通中、教师不断地学习和尝试中进行的。教师则需通过细致的观察、适时的指导幼儿进行相应的操作活动，慢慢培养幼儿主动学习和探索的意识。

【关键词】班本化课程;环境;幼儿视角

中图分类号：G610      文献标识码：A      文章编号：0493-2099（2021）29-0067-02

Class-based Curriculum： from Teacher-led to Children's Autonomy

——Exploring the Path of Children's Active Participation in Class-based Activities

（Ganyu Experimental Kindergarten， Lianyungang City， Jiangsu Province，China） ZHANG Jian

【Abstract】With the deepening of preschool education reform， curriculum gamification has gradually integrated into all aspects of the kindergarten's day activities. At this time， class-specific class-based activities were carried out in many kindergartens. It was constructed in the interaction between teachers and children， in the communication of ideas between teachers， and teachers' continuous learning and experimenting. Teachers need to carefully observe and promptly guide children to carry out corresponding operation activities， so as to slowly cultivate children's awareness of active learning and exploration.

【Keywords】Class-based curriculum; Environment; Children's perspective

“班本课程”是指以班级为基地，教师和幼儿共同开发的富有班级特色的课程。所以对于教师来说，如何根据实际选择班本内容，以及如何有效开展活动课程就显得至关重要，既要考虑儿童的需要，又得考虑儿童能得到什么。在课程游戏化精神的引领下，如何从儿童的视角出发，创设班本化课程并使其更好地支持与促进幼儿的发展，成为当前教师急需解决的问题。

一、探寻

访谈结果显示，教师认为在选择适合幼儿主题的班本课程上，常常是众口难调。幼儿的兴趣往往转变得很快，预设好的主题活动还没有实施完成，幼儿的兴趣点已转移别处，课程很难再进行下去。对于课程的选择，教师往往败在观察上，对于捕捉幼儿兴趣点方面的欠缺，导致许多可生成的课程流失。

任何新经验的学习都是基于儿童已有经验的主动建构，教师在开展班本课程活动时往往忽略幼儿已有的经验，造成幼儿对课程兴趣点低。……