【法学研究】 DOI:10.14182/j.cnki.j.anu.2021.06.010
关键词:颠覆性程序辩护;管辖异议;有效辩护;程序正义
摘 要:颠覆性程序辩护指程序违法极为严重和明显从而足以对案件结果产生重大影响的程序性辩护。管辖异议是常用的程序辩护手段,有成为颠覆性程序辩护的可能,尤其是地域管辖异议。程序辩护即坚守程序正义,立法者和司法者应当扩大程序辩护的空间而非封堵之。立法应更明确地规定程序严重违法的表现、后果及救济途径,尤其需尽快确立和完善管辖异议制度。
中图分类号:D915.3文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-2435(2021)06-0098-10
On Subversive Procedural Defense: Taking as an Example the Effective Use of Jurisdictional Objection
XU Xin (Law School, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Key words: subversive procedural defense; jurisdictional objection; effective defense; procedural justice
Abstract: Subversive procedural defense refers to any procedural defense with regard to any procedural violation that is so serious and obvious as to exert a significant impact on the outcome of the case. As one commonly used procedural defense, it is possible for jurisdictional objection, especially territorial jurisdiction objection, to become a subversive procedural defense. Procedural defense means adherence to procedural justice, whereby legislators and judicial officials should expand the space for procedural defense rather than blocking it. The law should be more explicit in the manifestation and consequence of, as well as means of redress for, serious procedural violations, and in particular, establish and improve the jurisdictional objection system as soon as possible.
一、颠覆性程序辩护的引入
随着司法改革的推进、审判制度和证据规则的变化,学界和实务界对程序辩护的讨论越来越多,如陈瑞华将程序性辩护归为五种刑事辩护形态之一。[1]31程序辩护对于刑事辩护极为重要,在侦查、批准逮捕、审查起诉、一审、二审、申诉和再审等一切诉讼阶段均可提出,涉及回避、管辖、变更强制措施、排除非法证据、证据审查、开庭审理等刑事诉讼法规定的一切程序事项。虽然不断强调程序辩护的重要性,但没有对程序辩护本身进一步区分,因此无法反映刑事辩护的实际情况,也无助于刑辩律师针对不同的案件情况确立不同的辩护思路。近年来,随着对律师管制的加强,程序辩护面临着越来越多的困难。不断出台更新的法律和司法解释也在压缩程序辩护空间。如2019年12月30日起施行的《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》、2021年3月1日起施行的《最高人民法院關于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》,均封堵了先前一些有力的程序辩护空间。……