涉疫刑事司法政策的理性审视与优化进路

陈伟 吴裕飞

【法學研究】 DOI：10.14182/j.cnki.j.anu.2021.06.011

关键词：涉疫刑事司法政策;涉疫犯罪;政策优化

摘 要：涉疫刑事司法政策深度影响突发公共卫生事件防控中的刑事司法适用，后疫情时代应对该刑事司法政策全面总结和理性审视。此次疫情防控的涉疫刑事司法政策以依法重点惩治涉疫违法犯罪、用足用好现行相关法律规定、以司法解释严密刑事法网和发布典型案例予以警示教育为基本内涵。应肯定涉疫刑事司法政策基于社会现实的积极作为，同时也要看到涉疫犯罪范畴不当延展、对责任要素界定有失规范、以司法解释严密部分刑事法网时难以契合罪刑法定原则、警示教育对象需进一步周延等不足。在后疫情时代的常态化治理及突发公共卫生事件防控活动中，应在坚持涉疫刑事司法政策合理内核与法治理念相结合的前提下，确保涉疫犯罪范畴框定精准化，犯罪责任要素司法裁定规范化，涉疫刑事司法政策适时法律化和疫情防控期间警示教育对象范畴全面化。

中图分类号：D914文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）06-0108-13

Rational Review and Optimized Path of Epidemic-related Criminal Justice Policy

CHEN Wei，WU Yu-fei（Law School，Southwest University of Political Science and Law，Chongqing 401120，China）

Key words：epidemic-related criminal justice policy; epidemic-related crimes; policy optimization

Abstract：Epidemic-related criminal justice policy has a profound impact on the application of criminal justice in the prevention and control of public health emergencies. In the post-epidemic era，the criminal justice policy should be comprehensively summarized and rationally reviewed. In the context of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control，the basic connotation of epidemic-related criminal justice policy is to focus on the punishment of epidemic-related crimes in accordance with the law，make full and good use of the current relevant laws and regulations，tighten the criminal law net through judicial interpretation and issue typical cases for warning and education. The positive actions of epidemic-related criminal justice policy based on social reality should be affirmed，and at the same time，it is necessary to recognize the shortcomings such asthe improper extension of the determination of epidemic-related crimes scope，the lack of standardization in the definition of measures，the difficulty to comply with the principle of legality when tightening the criminal law net of some crimes through judicial interpretation，the further distribution of the warning education objects. We should ensure the precision of the determination of epidemic-related crimes scope，the standardization of the judicial decision of measures，the legalization of epidemic-related criminal justice policy in due course，the comprehensiveness of the scope of warning education objects during the period of epidemic prevention and control on the premise of adhering to the combination of the reasonable core of epidemic-related criminal justice policy and the rule of law concept in the normalized governance of the post-epidemic era and the prevention and control of public health emergency.

涉疫刑事司法政策反映我国特殊时期刑事司法的理性化、规范化和高效化程度，在我国进入后疫情时代之际，我们有必要回溯性地对涉疫刑事司法政策进行全面总结与理性审视。涉疫刑事司法政策以其能动性与灵活性的特质积极推动刑事法律在公共卫生领域的积极作为，为疫情防控时期的秩序维护和行为规范发挥了不可或缺的正面引导，为大局稳定和权利保障起到了保驾护航的重要作用。……