陇东旱塬全膜双垄沟播耐密植易机收玉米品种筛选试验初报

周刚 张建军 樊廷录 李尚中 赵刚 党翼 王磊

摘要：在全膜雙垄沟播种植条件下，为筛选出耐密植、易机械化粒收的适宜陇东旱塬地区种植的玉米品种，于2020年对8个玉米品种进行了比较试验。结果表明，8个玉米品种的生育期为129～137 d，均可正常成熟;在各时期的干物质积累量存在差异，但均符合S曲线，其中陕单650的单株干物质总量最高，为1 026.0 g。折合产量以联创825最高，为14 266.80 kg/hm2;新玉108次之，为13 695.15 kg/hm2;科河699 居第3位，为13 211.10 kg/hm2;瑞普909最低，为11117.25 kg/hm2。8个玉米品种机械粒收时的籽粒含水率、破碎率、杂质率、损失率等指标均满足《GB/T 21962-2020》要求，以籽粒含水率低、脱水快，生育期短和折合产量高为原则，推荐新玉108和先玉335可作为陇东旱塬地区全膜双垄沟播耐密植宜机收玉米品种推广。九圣禾2468籽粒含水率高达24.00%，联创825的破碎率≥5%，均不宜机收。

关键词：玉米;品种;全膜双垄沟播;耐密植;机械收获;陇东旱塬

中图分类号：S513        文献标志码：A        文章编号：1001-1463（2021）11-0069-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.11.015

Screening of Suitable High Density and Mechanical Harvesting Corn Cultivars with Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double-ridge

in Dry Loess Plateau East of Gansu

ZHOU Gang 1， ZHANG Jianjun 1， FAN Tinglu 2， LI Shangzhong 1， ZHAO Gang 1， DANG Yi 1， WANG Lei 1

（1. Institute of Dryland Agriculture，Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China;2. Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：In order to screen the varieties that are resistant to dense planting and adapt to mechanized harvesting with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges planting in dry loess plateau east of Gansu， a comparative experiment were conducted with 8 tested cultivars was used as test material in 2020. The results showed that the growth period of the 8 cultivars was 129 ～ 137 d， and all of them could mature normally. There were differences in dry matter accumulation among the tested cultivars at different stages， but they all conformed to the S curve， in which the total dry matter per plant of Shandan 650（1 026.0 g） was the highest. The yield to Lianchuang 825 is the highest， 14 266.80 kg/hm2; Followed by Xinyu 108， 13 695.15 kg/hm2; Kehe 699 ranked the third with 13 211.10 kg/hm2; Rip 909 had the lowest of 11 117.25 kg/hm2. The grain moisture content， broken rate， impurity rate and loss rate of 8 corn varieties at mechanical grain harvest all met the requirements of GB/T 21962-2020. The principles of low grain moisture content， fast dehydration， short growth period and high reduced yield were adopted. Xinyu 108 and Xianyu 335 were recommended to be used as corn varieties suitable for demonstration and promotion of dense-tolerant and suitable machine-harvested corn varieties with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges planting in dry loess plateau east of Gansu. The grain moisture content of Jiushenghe 2468 is as high as 24.00%， and the crushing rate of Lianchuang 825 is ≥5%， so all should not be mechanical harvesting.

Key words：Corn;Cultivar;Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double-ridge;Dense planting;Mechanical harvest;Dry Loess Plateau East of Gansu

玉米是陇东旱塬地区的主栽作物之    一[1 - 3 ]，该地区长年干旱少雨，玉米种植模式也演变为全膜双垄沟播种植[4 - 5 ]。近年来，随着国家对农业机械研究投入加大，该地区玉米的耕、种、管已全部实现机械化，机收环节在国内有较多型号的机械，但性能均达不到国家标准[6 ]。解决玉米在收获环节的难题，不仅要从农机方面出发，还应从农艺方面出发。李少昆[7 ]认为，玉米机械粒收是实现玉米全程机械化最好的方法之一，也是我国玉米机械化收获的发展方向，更是陇东旱塬地区玉米机械化收获收官之战。……