压青紫云英结合稻秆还田对水稻生产的影响

摘 要：為研究稻田压青紫云英或结合稻秆联合还田替代20%常规化肥的可行性，采用田间试验方法，设置6个不同处理，不施肥（CK）、100%化肥、减施20%化肥、压青紫云英+100%化肥、压青紫云英+减施20%化肥、压青紫云英+稻秆还田+减施20%化肥，研究稻田压青紫云英或结合稻秆联合还田对后茬单季稻产量、经济效益及土壤性质的影响。结果表明：与100%化肥处理相比，压青紫云英+稻秆还田+减施20%化肥处理水稻成熟期有效穗数提高14.8%，稻谷和稻秆产量分别增产7.7%和15.5%，经济效益增加2 013元·hm-2;压青紫云英+减施20%化肥较100%化肥处理稻谷和稻秆产量分别增产1.4%和3.1%。压青紫云英+稻秆还田+减施20%化肥处理提高了土壤肥力水平，其微生物量碳、微生物量氮、有机质、全氮及速效钾含量分别较100%化肥处理提高5.6%、39.3%、5.2%、5.4%、30.2%。综合以上分析表明，在减施20%化肥水平下，压青紫云英和稻秆联合还田可实现水稻增产增效，且能够提升土壤肥力，压青紫云英+减施20%化肥可保持稻谷稳产水平。水稻生产上可推荐使用压青紫云英22 500 kg·hm-2和稻秆还田替代20%化肥使用。

关键词：紫云英;秸秆还田;产量;化肥减量;土壤性质

中图分类号：S 511 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）10-0012-06

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.10.003

Effects of Astragalus Sinicus Combined with Rice Straw on Rice Production

YANG Ren-xian

（Fujian Pucheng County Soil fertilizer Technology Extension Station， Nanping， Fujian 353400， China）

Abstract： In order to study the feasibility of replacing 20% conventional chemical fertilizer with Astragalus sinicus dressing or rice straw returning to field， by using the field experiment method， six different treatments were set up as follows： no fertilizer （CK）， 100% chemical fertilizer， 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer， Astragalus sinicus dressing+100% chemical fertilizer， Astragalus sinicus dressing+20% reduction of chemical fertilizer， and Astragalus sinicus dressing+rice straw returning to field+20% reduction of chemical fertilizer. Then， the effects of Astragalus sinicus dressing or returning to the field combined with rice straw on the yield， economic benefit and soil properties of succeeding single cropping rice were studied. The results showed that compared with the treatment of 100% chemical fertilizer， the treatment of Astragalus sinicus dressing+rice straw returning to field+20% reduction of chemical fertilizer had the effective number of panicles at rice maturity increased by 14.8%， the yield of rice and straw respectively increased by 7.7% and 15.5%， and the economic benefit increased by 2013 yuan·hm-2.Compared with the treatment of 100%chemical fertilizer，the treatment of Astragalus sinicus dressing+20% reduction of chemical fertilizer had the yield of rice and straw respectively increased by 1.4% and 3.1%. The soil fertility level could be improved by the treatment of Astragalus sinicus dressing+rice straw returning to field+20% reduction of chemical fertilizer， and the microbial biomass carbon， microbial biomass nitrogen， organic matter， total nitrogen and rapidly available potassium increased by 5.6%， 39.3%， 5.2%， 5.4% and 30.2%， respectively. In conclusion， under 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer， Astragalus sinicus dressing and rice straw returning to field could increase the rice yield and efficiency， and improve the soil fertility. Astragalus sinicus dressing+20% reduction of chemical fertilizer can maintain the stable yield of rice. Therefore， it was recommended to use 22 500 kg·hm-2 Astragalus sinicus dressing and rice straw returning to field instead of 20% chemical fertilizer in the rice production.Key words： Astragalus sinicus; Straw returning to fields; Yield; Reducing the application rate of chemical fertilizer; Soil property

秸秆与绿肥均是农田培肥的重要有机肥料资源。据估计，我国目前年产秸秆约10亿t（风干），总养分约 2 000万 t，其中N约700万t，P2O5 约200萬t 和K2O 约1 000万t;绿肥约1亿t （鲜），总养分约97万t，其中N约45万t、P2O5约11万 t、K2O约41万t[1]。紫云英作为我国南方主要的水田绿肥作物[2]，是生产无公害、绿色和有机农产品的重要肥源之一，其84%的氮素通过自身固氮[3]。翻压紫云英可有效改善土壤理化与生化性状[4]，减少化肥用量，保障作物稳产高产[5]。……