生物有机肥替代部分化肥对蕹菜生长和产量的影响

2021-12-21 01:32:43吴碧珠
福建农业科技 2021年10期
关键词:产量

摘 要:为探讨生物有机肥替代部分化肥对蕹菜生长、产量和经济效益的影响,以蕹菜为试验材料,以不施肥(CK)和常规施肥(CF)为对照,试验生物有机肥+80%常规施肥(T1)和未添加功能性微生物的有机物料+80%常规施肥(T2)对蕹菜叶片数、株高、茎粗、叶片长、叶片宽及产量、经济效益的影响。结果表明:T1处理组蕹菜的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、产量和经济效益均最大,分别较CF增加9.97%、14.69%、12.27%、19.86%、15.39%和10.26%,差异均达显著水平;T2处理蕹菜的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、产量、经济效益与CF处理相比差异不显著。结果说明生物有机肥替代部分化肥能促进蕹菜生长,提高蕹菜的产量和经济效益。

关键词:生物有机肥;化肥;蕹菜;产量

中图分类号:S 645 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2021)10-0057-05

DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.10.012

Effects of Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer with Bio-organic Fertilizeron the Growth and Yield of Ipomoea Aquatica

WU Bi-zhu

(Fujian Agricultural Ecological Environment and Energy Technology Extension Station,Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China)

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of the partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer on the growth, yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea aquatica was used as the experimental material and non-fertilization (CK) and conventional fertilization (CF) were taken as the control group, the effects of bioorganic fertilizer+80% conventional fertilization (T1) and organic material without functional microorganisms+80% conventional fertilization (T2) on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica in T1 treatment group were the largest, which were increased by 9.97%, 14.69%, 12.27%, 19.86%, 15.39% and 10.26%, respectively, compared with CF, with significant differences. There were no significant differences in the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, yield and economic benefit between T2 treatment group and CF. The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer could promote the growth of Ipomoea aquatica and improve the yield and economic benefit of Ipomoea aquatica.

Key words: Bio-organic fertilizer; Fertilizer; Ipomoea aquatica; Yield

肥料是重要的農业生产资料,是农业持续稳定发展的基础。传统上,我国的农业生产一直都是使用由人畜粪便等进行堆积发酵制成的农家肥料,但自20世纪50年代化肥在我国逐渐推广以来,由于其速效养分含量丰富,增产效果显著,因此在生产中被广泛应用。目前,我国的化肥生产量和使用量位居世界第1,但我国在化肥的应用方面,存在着使用结构不合理、过量施用和利用率低等问题[1],造成的土壤酸化、盐渍化和土壤养分失衡及农业面源污染等问题日趋严重[2]。为减少化肥的施用,农业农村部等六部委在“十三五”期间我国化肥使用量零增长的基础上[3],提出“十四五”期间化肥使用量持续减少的目标[4],《福建省“十四五”特色现代农业发展专项规划》也提出到2025年全省化肥使用量比2020年减少10%以上的目标[5],并提出有机肥替代推动方案。……

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