诏安县不同土地利用方式下土壤养分特征分析

摘 要：为揭示不同土地利用方式对土壤养分的影响，选取诏安县180份水田（水稻）与103份旱地（甜椒）土壤为研究对象，分析不同土地利用方式的土壤养分变化特征。结果表明：旱地土壤pH值、有机质含量较水田土壤分别高8.48%和8.62%;旱地土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量比水田土壤分别高1.01%、80.91%和64.10%;旱地土壤碱解氮累积量略低于水田土壤，速效磷、速效钾累积量则较水田土壤分别高75.44%和59.57%;旱地土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾（含量/累积量）与甜椒种植年限均呈现极显著性正相关。

关键词：不同土地利用方式;土壤养分;特征分析;诏安县

中图分类号：S 572 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）10-0062-06

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.10.013

Feature Analysis of Soil Nutrients Under Different Patterns of Land Utilization in Zhao′an County

XU Wei-dong

（Zhao′an County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Zhangzhou， Fujian 363500， China）

Abstract： In order to reveal the effects of different patterns of land utilization on soil nutrients，  the soil samples of 180 paddy field （rice） and 103 dry land （sweet pepper） were selected in Zhao′an County to analyze the characteristics of soil nutrient changes in different patterns of land utilization. The results showed that the pH value and organic matter content of dryland soil were 8.48% and 8.62% higher than those of paddy field soil， respectively. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in dryland soil were 1.01%， 80.91% and 64.10% higher than those in paddy field soil， respectively. The accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in dryland soil was slightly lower than that in paddy field soil， while the accumulation of rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were 75.44% and 59.57% higher than that in paddy field soil， respectively. The content/accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， rapid available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium in dryland soil were positively correlated with the planting years of sweet pepper.

Key words： Different patterns of land utilization; Soil nutrient; Feature analysis; Zhao′an County

土地利用方式是人類利用土地进行不同生产活动的综合反映，而土地利用方式的改变，是导致土壤肥力发生变化最直接的因素之一[1]。土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等含量是评价土壤肥力的重要指标，能够直接反映土壤肥力状况，并且决定着农作物产量的高低[2]。同一区域不同土地利用方式会影响耕层土壤养分的异质性，也会引起土地生产力的差异[3]。目前关于土地利用方式与土壤养分相互作用机制已有较多研究，如李涛等[4]选取云南河口3种不同土地利用方式作为研究对象，明确了香蕉园土壤养分水平相对较高、橡胶园中等、油梨园中等偏下的现状;陈志杰等[5]在福建漳江口的研究表明红树林湿地经人为垦殖后会引起土壤有机质显著流失。

近年来，为了追求更高的经济效益，许多农户选择将水田改为旱地。……