氮素调控对双抗明占主要农艺性状的影响

黄建鸿　林成豹　邓则勤　唐江霞　黄显波

摘 要：为明确水稻恢复系双抗明占制种过程中的最佳氮肥施用量，以施N量为试验因素，设置5个不同施N量水平，尿素施用量分别为N1（0 kg·hm-2）、N2（96.30 kg·hm-2）、N3（192.75 kg·hm-2）、N4（289.05 kg·hm-2）、N5（385.5 kg·hm-2），比较研究不同施氮量调控对双抗明占主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明：双抗明占对氮肥较为敏感，增施氮肥对双抗明占的单株有效穗数、每穗颖花数、单株颖花数、千粒重、穗长、倒1叶长、倒1叶宽、倒2叶长、倒2叶宽、倒3叶长及倒3叶宽均有明显的促长作用。施氮量与单株颖花数的最佳拟合方程为Y=2 631.168+10.855x-0.030x2;根据最佳拟合方程计算，当施N量在[96.64，265.2]kg·hm-2时，双抗明占的单株颖花数>3 400朵，全生育期116～117 d，双抗明占具有较为合理的群体结构、高颖花数和稳定的生育期，利于制种获得高产。

关键词：氮素调控;水稻;制种;农艺性状

中图分类号：S 511 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）10-0052-05

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.10.011

Effects of Nitrogen Regulation on Main Agronomic Traits of Shuangkang Mingzhan

HUANG Jian-hong， LIN Cheng-bao， DENG Ze-qin， TANG Jiang-xia， HUANG Xian-bo

（Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Sanming， Fujian 365050， China）

Abstract： In order to determine the optimal application rate of nitrogen for the rice restorer line Shuangkang Mingzhan during the seed production， by taking the application rate of nitrogen as the experimental factor， five different application levels of nitrogen were set， and the application rates of urea were set as N1（0 kg·hm-2）， N2（96.30 kg·hm-2， N3（192.75 kg·hm-2）， N4（289.05 kg·hm-2） and N5（385.5 kg·hm-2）， respectively， in order to study the effects of different nitrogen application rate on the main agronomic characters of Shuangkang Mingzhan. The results showed that Shuangkang Mingzhan was sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer， and increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer had obvious effect on increasing the number of productive ear per plant， spikelet number per panicle， spikelet number per plant， thousand seed weight， ear length， the first leaf length from the top， the first leaf width from the top， the second leaf length from the top， the second leaf width from the top， the 3rd leaf length from the top， and the 3rd leaf width from the top. The best fitted equation between the application rate of nitrogen and spikelet number per plant was Y=2 631.168+10.855x-0.030x2. According to the best fitted equation， when the application rate of nitrogen was [96.64，265.2]kg·hm-2， the spikelet number per plant was more than 3 400， and the growth period was from 116 to 117 days. So Shuangkang Mingzhan had reasonable population structure， high spikelet number and stable growth period， which was conducive to the seed production and high yield.

Key words： Nitrogen management; Rice; Seed production; Agronomic traits

水稻是我國主要的粮食作物，60%以上人口以稻米为主食[1-2]。氮素是水稻生育过程的重要调节因子[3-4]，对水稻高产起着重要作用，增加氮肥投入是提高水稻产量的一项重要措施

[5-7]。但作物生产中大量施用氮肥，不仅增加生产成本，还会带来一系列环境问题，合理施用氮肥不仅提升水稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率，还可以减少因过量施用所带来的污染问题[8-9]。双抗明占系三明市农业科学研究院利用多系1号作母本，抗蚊青占作父本，进行杂交，经过多年系谱选择，选育的优质、抗稻瘟病、高配合力的强恢复系。目前已经通过各级审定的组合有赣优明占、泸优明占、T两优明占等。……