苏海兰 陈宏 郑梅霞 方仙林 高嫣 罗金旺 朱育菁

摘 要:通过多年对多花黄精种子生产技术的实践和研究,总结了多花黄精种子生产技术规程,包括产地环境选择、母株种植、母株田间管理、授粉与护果、种子采收和加工、种子质量及检验、标识和包装、贮藏和运输、生产档案管理等种子生产关键技术规范,该技术规程可为福建省及类似环境区域多花黄精的种子生产提供参考。
关键词:多花黄精;种子;生产技术;规程
中图分类号:S 567.239文献标志码:A文章编号:0253-2301(2021)10-0043-04
DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.10.009
Technical Regulations for Seed Production of Polygonatum Cyrtonema
SU Hai-lan1, CHEN Hong1, ZHENG Mei-xia1, FANG Xian-lin2,GAO yan2, LUO Jin-wang2, ZHU Yu-jing1*
(1. Institute of Agricultural Biological Resources, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003,
China; 2. Guangze County Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Center, Nanping, Fujian 354100, China)
Abstract: Through many years of practice and research on the seed production technology of Polygonatum cyrtonema, the technical regulations of seed production of Polygonatum cyrtonema were summarized, including the selection of the environment of producing area, cultivation of maternal plant, field management of maternal plant, pollination and fruit protection, seed harvesting and processing, seed quality and inspection, identification and packaging, storage and transportation, archive management of production, etc. This technical specification could provide reference for the seed production of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Fujian Province and the areas with similar environment.
Key words: Polygonatum cyrtonema;Seed;Production technology;Regulation
多花黄精(别名姜形黄精)Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua 百合科黄精属多年生草本植物,与滇黄精(别名大黄精)Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.、黃精(别名鸡头黄精)Polygonatum sibiricum Red.为历版《中国药典》收载的黄精3种基源药材[1]。黄精是传统经典的食药两用植物,具有补肾益精、滋阴润燥的功效,广泛应用于糖尿病患者等食疗产品。黄精适应性广,适合亚热带、温带、寒温带林下及山地大规模种植,是近年来适宜区中药材发展的热点品种[2]。福建省分布黄精属资源有3种:玉竹、长梗黄精和多花黄精,多花黄精为福建省“福九味”之一,福建产多花黄精的历史早在宋代就有记载[3],多花黄精的栽培[4-9]、育苗[10-11]、成分[12]等技术已有较多的研究,2014年亦发布了福建省的地方标准《多花黄精栽培技术规程》[13]。但多花黄精种苗数量和质量、种植技术水平、产量和质量、野生资源保护等方面还有待于进一步规范和提升。当前多花黄精种子产量少,一株才收获几十粒种子[10],质量参差不齐,进而影响出苗率和种苗质量,严重制约了多花黄精产业的发展和农民的收入。……