金针菇菌糠替代杂木屑栽培玉木耳配方筛选与效益分析

杨丽琴　郭月仙　骆伏海　马立验　杨碧珠

摘 要：研究添加不同比例金针菇菌糠替代杂木屑对玉木耳栽培的影响，测定玉木耳菌丝生长速度、子实体农艺性状和产量，并分析栽培经济效益。结果表明：添加10%～20%金针菇菌糠替代杂木屑栽培玉木耳，可促进菌丝生长，缩短菌丝满袋时间1～3 d，提高产量4.16%～10.53%，其中培养基中添加20%金针菇菌糠表现更优，生物学效率达88.67%，袋均生产成本比对照降低2.89%，利润提高19.56%。试验证明利用工厂化金针菇菌糠栽培玉木耳技术可行。

关键词：金针菇废菌糠;比例;玉木耳;生物学效率

中图分类号：S 646.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2021）10-0034-05

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.10.007

Formula Selection and Benefit Analysis of the Cultivation of Auricularia Nigricans byUsing Flammulina Velutipes Germ Bran as Substitute for Mixed Sawdust

YANG Li-qin， GUO Yue-xian*， LUO Fu-hai， MA Li-yan， YANG Bi-zhu

（Ningde Yizhiyuan Agricultural Development Co.， Ltd.， Ningde， Fujian 355300， China）

Abstract： The effects of adding different proportions of Flammulina velutipes germ bran instead of mixed sawdust on the cultivation of Auricularia nigricans were studied. The growth rate of mycelia， the agronomic characters of fruiting body and the yield of Auricularia nigricans were measured， and the economic benefit of cultivation was analyzed. The results showed that adding 10%-20% Flammulina velutipes germ bran instead of mixed sawdust could promote the growth of mycelia， shorten the time of mycelia filling bag for 1-3 days， and increase the yield by 4.16%-10.53%. Among them， the culture medium supplemented with 20% Flammulina velutipes germ bran showed a better biological efficiency of 88.67%， the production cost per bag decreased by 2.89% and the profit increased by 19.56% compared with the control group. The experiment proved that it was feasible to cultivate Auricularia nigricans with the industrialized Flammulina velutipes germ bran.

Key words： Flammulina velutipes germ bran; Proportion; Auricularia nigricans; Biological efficiency

玉木耳是毛木耳的變异菌株，兼具毛木耳特性，抗杂能力强，生物学效率高，且肉质脆嫩，味道鲜美[1-2]，已在东北、东南等地区多个省份推广种植[3]。玉木耳的常规栽培配方以杂木屑、玉木芯、棉籽壳、麦麸为主料，近年来，由于食用菌产业快速发展，木屑、玉米芯等原料价格不断上涨，寻找替代料或部分替代料成为食用菌产业发展必然趋势[4]。目前，国内外对玉木耳代料栽培的文献报道很少，有报道称利用杏鲍菇菌渣、大豆秸秆、甘蔗渣、棕榈丝等代料栽培玉木耳，菌丝生长旺盛、整齐、洁白、粗壮，污染率降低，产量提高[2-5]。本试验涉及利用金针菇菌糠代料栽培玉木耳未见报道。

据食用菌行业统计，我国2019年金针菇产量258万t[6]，根据该统计数据可预估每年金针菇菌糠200万t左右。当前，食用菌菌渣主要以丢弃或燃烧处置，不仅浪费资源，且易滋生霉菌和害虫，加重农业生态环境负担[7]。……