冬瓜新品种圆宝的选育

2021-12-25 07:11:15陈木溪杜冰梓郑汉藩麦怀欣陈银霞
中国瓜菜 2021年11期

陈木溪 杜冰梓 郑汉藩 麦怀欣 陈银霞

摘    要: 圆宝冬瓜是以自交系H32作母本,以自交系L14作父本配制而成的杂交1代品种。露地栽培种植全生育期春季133 d、秋季117 d;从播种到初收春季约98 d、秋季约87 d,延续采收期春季约35 d、秋季约30 d。第1雌花节位14~16节,连续坐果能力强。果实扁圆形,头尾较匀称,瓜长14~16 cm,横径15~18 cm, 成熟时瓜皮青绿色,有蜡粉,棱沟浅,肉厚约3.5 cm,瓜肉白色,单瓜质量2.0~2.2 kg,667 m2产量3300~3600 kg,商品率高,品质优良,维生素C含量(w,后同)118 mg·kg-1,可溶性固形物含量2.8%,膳食纤维含量0.12%,干物质含量4.30%。田间表现抗逆性较强。适合华南地区春秋季栽培。2019年通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。

关键词: 冬瓜; 新品种; 圆宝; 杂交1代

中图分类号: S642.3 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1673-2871(2021)11-115-04

Breeding of a new wax gourd variety Yuanbao

CHEN Muxi1, DU bingzi1, ZHENG Hanfan2, MAI Huaixin1, CHEN Yinxia2

(1. Guangdong Helinong Seeds CO., LTD, Shantou 515800, Guangdong, Chian; 2. Guangdong Helinong Agrotechnical Academy CO., LTD, Shantou 515800, Guangdong, Chian)

Abstract: Yuanbao is F1 hybrid wax gourd variety crossed by an inbred line H32 as the female parent with inbred line L14 as the male parent. The whole growth period of field cultivation was 133 d in spring and 117 d in autumn. It takes about 98 d from sowing to the first harvest in spring and 87 d in autumn, and the continuing harvesting period is about 35 d in spring and 30 d in autumn. The first female flower appeared in the 14-16th node and with strong ability of continuous fruit setting. The fruit is oblate and well-proportioned. The length of the fruit is 14-16 cm, the diameter is 15-18 cm. Mature fruit skin is blue-green with wax powder and shallow furrows. The thickness of the white flesh is about 3.5 cm, the weight of a single fruit is 2.0-2.2 kg, the output per 667 m2 is 3300-3600 kg, The content of vitamin C was 118 mg·kg-1, soluble solid content was 2.8%, dietary fiber was 0.12%, dry matter was 4.30%. Suitable for south China spring and autumn cultivation.

Key words: Wax gourd; New varieties; Yuanbao; F1 hybrid

1 育種目标

冬瓜(Benincasa hispida Cagn.),葫芦科冬瓜属一年生蔓生或架生草本植物[1],是我国南方的主要瓜类蔬菜品种之一[2],具有产量高、产值高、营养丰富、耐贮藏等特点[3]。近年来随着社会的发展和人民生活水平提高,小冬瓜由于商品性好,新鲜可口,适宜家庭消费而深受消费者欢迎,市场需求逐步扩大[4]。大型冬瓜在切开后未能及时销售和食用,容易发生变质和腐烂,失去商品性,造成巨大的资源浪费。而鲜食冬瓜时,一家一户每餐用料在l kg左右,选育特色、优质的小冬瓜品种(单瓜质量1~2 kg),非常符合消费者的需要,可大大减轻销售(如大型超市、农贸市场)和消费过程中因冬瓜腐烂而带来的经济损失。同时,销售过程中不需要使用保鲜膜,有效地减少白色污染[5]。选育特色、优质的杂交1代小冬瓜新品种,市场前景广阔,种植者经济效益高[6],对促进农业绿色发展和提质增效,农民增收具有重要意义[7]。……

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