阅读理解专项训练

程海潮

A

The latest fashion breakthrough is taking “activewear” in an entirely new direction： researchers at Nottingham Trent University have developed a new fabric（布料） that is able to recharge electronic devices like mobile phones and smartwatches.

According to the school's announcement last week，the prototype swatch（原型樣品） includes 1，200 mini solar panels—each measuring just 5 by 1.5 millimeters—that can generate 400 milliwatts （mWatts） from the sun，which is enough to keep small devices juiced.

“Until now very few people would have considered that their clothing products could be used for generating electricity，” explains Theodore Hughes-Riley，lead researcher and an associate professor of Electronic Textiles.“The material which we have developed appears and behaves the same as any ordinary fabric，and it can be washed in a machine.”He also notes that，because the tiny solar cells are made up of silicon（硅），wearers aren't able to even notice a difference in the fabric's composition when compared to standard clothing．

This new fabric will enjoy wide usages including constructing items like outerwear，backpacks，and other carrying bags using the material，all of which could allow wearers to keep their devices charged while on-the-go during the day.“Electronic fabric really possibly changes people's relationship with technology，as this prototype shows how we could do away with charging many devices at the wall，” adds Hughes-Riley．

Solar power innovations are key to transitioning human society away from fossil fuel technologies，and are coming into view in a variety of different fields.The European Space Agency，for example，plans to experiment with solar panel systems orbiting above Earth.Since there are no real “days” or “nights” in space—not to mention zero cloud coverage—potential solar power

generation could be as much as 8 or 9 times greater than what's currently achievable here on the planet's surface.

1.Why is the new fabric special？

A.Because it can store solar power．

B.Because it can generate electricity．

C.Because it can be made into smartwatches．

D.Because it can be used as a big solar panel．

2.What makes the new fabric look like ordinary clothing？

A.Its soft feeling. B.Its light weight．

C.Its composition.   D.Its washing method．

3.What will be on the way out with the rise of the new fabric？

A.Old plant materials．

B.Current cleaning products．

C.Fixed charging equipment．

D.Traditional dressmaking skills．

4.What does the last paragraph want to tell readers？

A.The new fabric is promising．

B.Solar power do good to our planet．

C.The new fabric has changed many fields．

D.The European Space Agency is in the lead in solar power．

B

In his past 79 years，Robert Hume has served for the Navy，taught high school American government，owned a bus tour company for 28 years，and drove a bus for James Madison University．

But now after moving to Georgia to be with his son earlier this year，Hume was looking for an opportunity and a way to give back to his new community.He decided that now was a perfect time to further his education in public health by enrolling in the Graduate Certificate in Gerontology at the University of Georgia．

Hume's wife was diagnosed with kidney disease in 1994 and it kickstarted his focus on public health.“I gave her a kidney in 1995 that lasted for 17 years.I was so amazed by the medical aspect of that and begun an interest in it，”said Hume.

While enrolled in the gerontology program，he also volunteers as a medic at a rescue squad in Virginia.When he isn't volunteering in Virginia，Hume responds to medical calls in Towns County，Georgia，his new home．

Above everything，having an impact in his community is what Hume strives for every single day.“I'm not looking for a career.I had a chance to join as a paid person，but I didn't want to do that.I felt very strongly over the years that I wanted to be a volunteer in the medical field.… I want to make a difference.”

Once he completes the certificate program，he has no desire to stop--he plans to start a Master of Public Health program at UGA．

“I think that what's important to me is that I can do whatever I set my mind to do，I can accomplish any goal.I'll pick something and succeed，because I have the right frame of mind … you wouldn't know that I'm 79，” Hume said.“And anybody can do this if you have the right frame of mind.”

1.What can be learned about Hume's previous life from paragraph 1？

A.It was full and colorful．

B.It was far from his dream．

C.It was unstable and miserable．

D.It was connected closely with buses．

2.What can replace the underlined word “kickstarted” in the text？

A.Held up. B.Strengthened.

C.Weakened.D.Woke up.

3.Why does Hume take up several jobs at the same time？

A.To live a richer life．

B.To help those in need.

C.To get rid of loneliness．

D.To pay for his son's schooling．

4.What may Hume agree？

A.No pains，no gains．

B.Never too old to learn．

C.Well begun is half done．

D.Knowledge starts with practice．

C

If you've logged on to any social media app this week，you've probably seen pictures of your friends，but re-imaged as fairy princesses，handsome princes，and charming characters.It is all because of Lensa，an app which uses artificial intelligence to present digital portraits based on photos users submit．

Lensa recommends users submit 10-20 selfies for the best results.The pictures should be close-up of your face with a variety of different backgrounds，facial expressions，and angles.A yearlong subscription to the app，which also provides photo editing services，costs $35.99.But you can use the app for a weeklong free trial if you want to test it out before committing．

To test out the app，I took 20 selfies I thought showed a variety of expressions and angles and submitted.It took around 20 minutes for Lensa to return my portraits，which fell into several categories： fantasy，fairy princess，focus，pop，stylish，light，kawaii，and cosmic.In general，I felt like the app did a decent job producing artistic images based on my selfies.

Other users have documented unfavorable experiences which come from their Lensa images.Aubrey Gordon，a writer and fat rights activist，wrote on her Instagram the app produced images which made her look much thinner than she actually is.“Lensa is really working overtime to make AI me into a thin person，”she wrote in the caption．

Several of the artists expressed concern the apps could also threaten their livelihoods.Digital artists cannot compete with the low prices and fast turnaround artificial intelligence enables for a digital portrait，they said at the time．

Lensa's owner Prisma has tried to relieve anxiety about their technology eliminating work for digital artists.“While both humans and AI learn about artistic styles in semi-similar ways，there are some fundamental differences： AI is capable of rapidly analyzing and learning from large sets of data，but it does not have the same level of attention and appreciation for art as a human being.”

1.What can be learned about Lensa？

A.It is a tool that stores photos．

B.It is a photo trading platform．

C.It is an app that takes photos．

D.It aims to offer customized photos．

2.What impressed the author most？

A.The low price of Lensa．

B.The wide popularity of Lensa．

C.The artistic images Lensa made．

D.The speed at which Lensa makes photos．

3.Why does Aubrey Gordon disapprove of Lensa？

A.Because it is time-consuming．

B.Because it is friendly to the thin．

C.Because it presents unrealistic photos．

D.Because it is posing a threat to her job．

4.What does Prisma imply？

A.Lensa will give a hand to digital artists．

B.Lensa cannot replace human artists．

C.Lensa needs further improvement．

D.Lensa is good at data analysis．

D

In 1924，14 American bison arrived on Santa Catalina Island，22 miles off the coast of Los Angeles.Although they didn't make it to the big screen，descendants of the beasts have star power，helping attract hundreds of thousands of visitors every year．

Today，the herd presents benefits and challenges for local ecology.Visitors take bison tours，enjoy bison burgers and “buffalo milk” cocktails .Such tourism helps fund the nonprofit Catalina Island Conservancy （CIC），which controls 88 percent of the island and works to restore and protect native plants．

At its peak，in the 1980s，the herd numbered 550，but concerns about the animals' health and ecological impact led the CIC to ship bison off the island regularly.A 2003 study found the bison were still disturbing native plants： Their coats carry plants that were imported，such as fennel，to places they wouldn't otherwise reach，disrupting native species like St.Catherine's lace.The study also found the bison were smaller and less fertile than their mainland counterparts，partly from persistent drought.In 2009，the CIC launched a program to control the number of the bison．

Yet population control efforts may have gone too far.By 2020，the herd was down to 100； no calves had been born since 2013，and the CIC scaled back its program in 2015.Before 2020，the group had planned to import two pregnant females to add genetic diversity，re-causing the debate about the herd's health and its impact on the land.Calvin Duncan，a former CIC biologist，says an increase in droughts threatens the bison，but he believes they will reproduce again when conditions improve.

Juanita Constible，a consulting biologist on the 2003 study，says relocating the herd could endanger the island： Without bison grazing，wildfire intensity could increase，as the grass，undoubtedly，adds fuel.Forcing the herd to leave the island would also hurt island residents—4，000 or so in all—many of whom rely on bison tourism.“Wildlife management is not just about the wildlife—it's also about the human context，”Constible says．

1.Why were the bison taken to Santa Catalina Island in 1924？

A.To get bison meat．

B.To make new species．

C.To finish shooting films．

D.To develop the local tourism．

2.What did the bison bring to Santa Catalina Island？

A.Fertile soil.B.Imported plants．

C.Frequent drought.D.Abandoned farmlands．

3.Why did the CIC plan to import two pregnant bison？

A.To keep the bison's health．

B.To carry out genetic research．

C.To put people's debate to rest．

D.To increase bison's population．

4.What might Constible agree ？

A.Bison make tourism attractive.

B.Bison increase the risk of wildfire．

C.Humans should live in peace with bison．

D.Bison benefit Santa Catalina Island and its people．

【参考答案与解析】

答案及解析

A

语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。一种新型的布料可以借助太阳能发电给手机和智能手表充电。

1.B.细节理解题。 根据文章第一段中“that is able to recharge electronic devices like mobile phones and smartwatches.”和第二段中“that can generate 400 milliwatts （mWatts） from the sun，which is enough to keep small devices juiced.”，可知B选项为正确答案。

2.C.细节理解题。 根据文章第三段中“ because the tiny solar cells are made up of silicon，wearers aren't able to even notice a difference in the fabric's composition when compared to standard clothing.”可知C选项为正确答案。

3.C.推理判断题。文章第四段中提到“这种新型的布料会消除在墙上充电的方式”，也就是说，固定的充电方式会被淘汰。所以C选项为正确答案。

4.A.推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“太阳能的革新把人类社会从化石原料中拯救出来，并运用在很多领域，”然后以欧洲宇航局的研究计划为例进一步说明这一点；结合本文的主要说明对象，可知作者要表明的观点是：这种新型的布料很有前景。所以A选项为正确答案。

B

语篇导读：这是一篇记叙文。Hume在79岁的年纪参加老年医学的学习并同时参加多种志愿者活动，希望对自己所在的社区产生影响。

1.A.推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“Hume在过去所从事的多种工作经历”，说明其充实而丰富的生活。所以A选项为正确答案。

2.D.猜测词意题。根据下文 Hume所说的“他的妻子在1995年接受了肾脏移植，这令他感到惊叹，他开始对其产生了兴趣”，所以可以推测“kickstarted”应是“激发”的意思。所以D选项为正确答案。

3.B.细节理解题。文章第五段中提到Hume参加的老年医学学习以及各种志愿者活动的目的是为 “having an impact in his community” 和“make a difference”，所以B选项为正确答案。

4.B.推理判断题。文章最后一段Hume提到“良好的心态是他能够实现目标的关键”，结合文章中所描叙的“Hume在79岁的年级参加老年医学的学习并且还要攻读硕士学位”，可知，在Hume眼中，他的心态就是“活到老学到老”，所以B选项为正确答案。

C

語篇导读：这是一篇说明文。Lensa，一款以人工智能为基础的App，根据用户提供的照片可以生成不同种类的美照。对此，不同的人表达了不同的看法。

1.D.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中提到的“re-imaged as fairy princesses，handsome princes，and charming characters”以及第三段中提到的“which fell into several categories： fantasy，fairy princess，focus，pop，stylish，light，kawaii，and cosmic”，可知Lensa可以为用户提供各种类型主题的照片，用户可以根据需要进行选择。

2.C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到的“In general，I felt like the app did a decent job producing artistic images based on my selfies”，可知，作者对Lensa提供的艺术照印象深刻。

3.C.推理判断题。文章第四段中提到“Aubrey Gordon认为Lensa提供的照片中她本人变瘦了，而实际上她不是瘦的，这一点让她生气”，可知，Lensa提供的不真实的照片让Aubrey Gordon不认可Lensa。

4.B.推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“ Prisma 在努力减少数字艺术家对Lensa抢夺他们工作的担忧，Prisma 认为Lensa 和人类艺术家有着根本的差别”，也就是说，Lensa 是取代不了人类艺术家的。

D

语篇来源：

https：//www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/uneasy-future-catalina-island-wild-bison-180980559/

语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。Santa Catalina Island最初引进野牛是为了完成电影拍摄，然后野牛留在了岛上，这也给带来了当地生态系统带来了收益和挑战。

1.C.细节理解题。 文章第一段中提到“The animals were to appear in two movies being filmed on the island”，可知，野牛最初引入到Santa Catalina Island是為了拍摄电影。所以C选项为正确选项。

2.B.细节理解题。 文章第三段提到“A 2003 study found the bison were still disturbing native plants： Their coats carry plants that were imported，such as fennel，to places they wouldn't otherwise reach，disrupting native species like St.Catherine's lace.”，可知野牛给Santa Catalina Island带来了外来植物。所以B选项为正确答案。

3.D.推理判断题。文章第三段提到“为了野牛的健康和当地的生态，CIC发起了控制野牛数量的行动”。第四段提到“但是控制野牛数量的行动有些过了，野牛的数量骤降，因此CIC收缩了计划，并且引入两头怀孕的母牛”，显然这样做的目的是为了增加野牛的数量。所以D选项为正确答案。

4.D.推理判断题。文章最后一段Constible认为“野牛啃食野草，降低了山火发生的危险，同时野牛促进了当地旅游业的发展，很多岛上居民以野牛旅游业为生”，可见野牛使得Santa Catalina Island及其居民获益。所以D选项为正确答案。

责任编辑吴昊雷