“绿水青山”之间掌握状语从句

袁小林?于弟

状语主要为主句提供时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等信息。相应地，状语从句也分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。

下面以习近平总书记“绿水青山就是金山银山”这句名言的英译为例，学习状语从句的基本用法。

Clear water and green mountains are equal to mountains of gold and silver．

此英译准确清楚地表达了这句名言的意义。下面将它转换成各种状语从句。

一、时间状语从句

When water is clear and mountains are green，there will be mountains of gold and silver.当水绿山青时，就有了金山银山。

这是when引导的时间状语从句（主将从现）。

There must be clear water and green mountains before there are mountains of gold and silver.在金山银山之前应该先有青山绿水。

这是before引导的时间状语从句。

时间状语从句通常由when，whenever，since，before，after，as，as soon as，once，till，hardly…when等从属连词引导。

二、地点状语从句

Where there is clear water and green mountains，there are mountains of gold and silver.有绿水青山的地方，就有金山银山。

这是where 引导的地点状语从句。和下面英语谚语为同一句式：

Where there is a will，there's a way.有志者，事竟成。

当然也可以用“主将从现”句式：

Where there is clear water and green mountains，there will be mountains of gold and silver.有绿水青山的地方，就有金山银山。

地点状语从句通常由where，wherever，anywhere等引导，引导词通常在从句中作地点状语。

三、原因状语从句

As there is clear water and green mountains，there are mountains of gold and silver.因为有绿水青山，所以有金山银山。

这是as 或 because引导的原因状语从句。

原因状语从句通常由because，as，since，for，now that等引导。又如：

We should keep water clear and mountains green because they equal to mountains of gold and silver.我们应该保持水绿山青，因为它们就是金山银山。

四、条件状语从句

If there is clear water and green mountains，there will be mountains of gold and silver.如果有了绿水青山，就有金山银山。

这是if 引导的条件状语从句。

条件状语从句主要由if，unless，as long as，on condition that，in case等引导。又如：

As long as we keep water clear and mountains green，our environment will be better and better.只要我们保持水绿山青，我们的环境就会越来越好。

五、目的状语从句

We should keep on trying in order that there will be clear water and green mountains.为了能够有绿水青山，我们必须继续努力。

这是in order that 引导的目的状语从句。

目的状语从句一般由so that，in order than，for fear that，in case等引导。又如：

We should keep water clear and mountains green so that there will be mountains of gold and silver.为了能有金山银山，我们必须保持水绿山青。

六、结果状语从句

We have kept water clear and mountains green，so that there are mountains of gold and silver.我們一直努力保持水绿山青，所以有了金山银山。

这是so that引导的结果状语从句。

结果状语从句通常由that，so that，so…that 或such…that 等引导。又如：

We have kept mountains so green and water so clear that they are equal to mountains of gold and silver.我们将山水保持得如此青、如此绿，所以它们就是金山银山。

七、让步状语从句

Although water is clear and mountains are green，we will try to keep water clearer and mountains greener.虽然水绿山青，但我们要努力保持水更绿山更青。

这是although引导的让步状语从句。

让步状语从句由though，although，as ，whether，even if，even though，while，however，whatever，no matter how/what/who等引导，又如：

Whatever/No matter we do，we should try to keep water clear and mountains green.不管我们做什么，我们必须努力保持水绿山青。

八、方式状语从句

We will try to keep water as clear and mountains as green as if they were mountains of gold and silver.我们要保持水绿山青就好像它们就是金山银山一样。

这是as...as 引导的方式状语从句。

记住习近平总书记名言“绿水青山就是金山银山”的英语表达，理解并学会运用各种状语从句。

责任编辑吴昊雷