形形色色的状语从句

河北 胡金莹

形形色色的状语从句

河北 胡金莹

状语从句是高中语法的一项重要内容，也是高考英语的重要考点。因此，无论从高考的角度，还是从英语学习本身来讲，状语从句的用法都是我们必须理解和掌握的重点和热点。本文将结合近五年的高考试题来具体讲述状语从句的用法，希望对同学们有所帮助。

一、时间状语从句

【实例体验】

1. As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.（改编自2016天津卷，7）

2. When/While walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years.（改编自2016天津卷，3）

3. Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.（改编自2016北京卷，21）

4. The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.（改编自2016天津卷，2）

5. We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.（改编自2015天津卷，12）

6. If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.（改编自2015重庆卷，4）

7. Once the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.（改编自2015北京卷，32）

8. The moment I got my mum to sleep，I put cold towel on her forehead，found pills in the medicine box，and made some noodles for her.

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1、句2和句3可知：when，while和as可以引导时间状语从句。when意为“当……时候”，可以与延续性动词连用（相当于while），也可以与短暂性动词连用，常用的固定结构有：be doing...when...，意为“正在做某事，正在此刻……”；be about to do...when...，意为“正要做某事，正在此刻……”；had （just） done...when...，意为 “刚刚做完某事，正在此刻……”。as引导时间状语从句时，常意为“一边……一边……，随着”。

2. 通过句4可知：since可以引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时态，主句中的谓语动词用现在完成时态。

3. 通过句5和句6可知：before可以引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前，还没有来得及……就……”，此外，常用的before句型有：It was/will be+一段时间+before从句，意为“多长时间后……才……”，It wasn’t/won’t be+long before从句，意为“不久……”。

4. 通过句7可知：once可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。

5. 通过句8可知：名词短语可以引导时间状语从句。常见的名词短语有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the first time，the last time，each time，every time，any time，next time等。

【高考链接】（改编自2015四川卷，6） There is only one more day to go_______your favorite music group play live.

【解析】before。句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前只剩下一天了。根据句意可知，应填before。

二、原因状语从句

【实例体验】

1. I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.（改编自2016北京卷，33）

2. I love the weekend，since I needn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.（改编自2016北京卷，31）

3. I am not afraid of tomorrow，for I have seen yesterday and I love today.（改编自2016北京卷，35）

4. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ，as late payments may affect your credit.（改编自2016浙江卷，8）

5. Now that the chances of dying young are much lower，the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.（改编自2015广东卷，完形填空）

6. Seeing that there was a f ower stall at the front of the supermarket，he added，“Why shouldn’t we buy the lady a f ower?”（改编自2014陕西卷，完形填空）

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1可知：because 表示直接原因，语气最强，用来回答why；通过句2可知：since 通常放在句首，意为“既然”，表示人们已知道的事实，不需要强调的原因；通过句3可知：for 通常放在主句后，对前面一句话的内容进行补充说明；通过句4可知：as为不谈自明的原因，语气最弱，意为“由于”。

2. 通过句5和句6可知：引导原因状语从句的短语有：now that（既然），seeing that（鉴于），considering that（考虑到）等。

【高考链接】（改编自2013山东卷，26） Mark needs to learn Chinese________his company is opening a branch in Beijing.

【解析】since/as/because。句意：Mark需要学习汉语，因为他的公司正准备在北京开一家分公司。此题考查原因状语从句，故正确答案为since/as/because。

三、地点状语从句

【实例体验】

1. Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.（改编自2015安徽卷，34）

2. In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，wherever it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.（改编自2013江苏卷，28）

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1可知：where可以引导地点状语从句，意为“在哪里，在……的地方”。

2. 通过句2可知：wherever可以引导地点状语从句，意为“无论在哪里，无论在……的地方”。

【高考链接】（改编自2012天津卷，14） Everything was placed exactly_______he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.

【解析】where。句意：为了毕业典礼，他把一切都放在了他想放的地方。根据“was placed”可知，其后为地点状语从句。

四、目的状语从句

【实例体验】

1. The team are working hard to analyze the problem so_that/in order that they can f nd the best solution.（改编自2015湖北卷，23）

2. I took my driving license with me on holiday，in case I wanted to hire a car.（改编自2013北京卷，30）

3. For fear that I would become a victim of the consumer society，I immediately hurried to a bicycle shop in my neighborhood.

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1可知：so that和in order that都可以引导目的状语从句，意为“以便……；为了……”，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。

2. 通过句2和句3可知：for fear that 和in case 都可以引导目的状语从句，for fear that意为“害怕，担心”；in case意为“以防，万一”。

【高考链接】（改编自2014浙江卷，15）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born________she could stay home and raise her family.

【解析】so that/in order that。句意：Cathy在儿子出生时不得不辞职了，目的是为了她能够待在家里照顾整个家庭。so that或in order that用来引导目的状语从句，意为“以便……；为了……”。

五、结果状语从句

【实例体验】

1. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.（2016北京卷，书面表达范文）

2. I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.

【规则探究】

通过句1和句2可知：引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so...that...，such...that...，意为“如此……以至于……”。

【经典试题】（2016年河北省衡水中学七调）As we can see，developing a good habit is so important________I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day.

【解析】that。句意：正如我们看到的那样，养成一个好的习惯如此重要，以至于我想介绍一种好的学习习惯，即每天都要记学习笔记。根据语境可知，此处考查so...that引导的结果状语从句。

六、条件状语从句

【实例体验】

1. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are traveling at high speed. （改编自2016浙江卷，13）

2. You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.（改编自2014湖南卷，26）

3. I’ll be out for some time. In case anything important happens，call me up immediately.（改编自2014四川卷，8）

4. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.（2015全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达范文）

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1和句2可知：if和unless可以引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”，unless意为“除非，如果不”，相当于if...not。条件状语从句中谓语动词的时态要用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态或用一般过去时态代替过去将来时态。

2. 通过句3和句4可知：引导条件状语从句的从属连词还有：in case（如果）；on condition that（条件是）；suppose/supposing（that）（假设）；providing/provided that（如果）等。

【高考链接】（改编自2015陕西卷，20）I believe you will have a wonderful time here_______you get to know everyone else.

【解析】if/once。句意：我相信如果/一旦你认识了其他所有人，你会在这里玩儿得很开心。根据语境可知，此题填if/once。

七、让步状语从句

【实例体验】

1. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then ，even though/if he is in his nineties.（改编自2016北京卷，27）

2. While/Although/Though online shopping has changed our life，not all of its ef fects have been positive.（改 编 自2016浙江卷，5）

3. Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.（改编自2012陕西卷，18）

4. Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.（改编自2016北京卷，24）

5. However/No matter how hard you try，it is diff cult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.（改编自2012湖南卷，32）

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1可知：even though和even if用法相同，意为“即使”。

2. 通过句2可知：although，though，while意义相同，通常可以互换，意为“虽然；尽管”，可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。

3. 通过句3可知：as引导让步状语从句时，通常用在倒装结构中，其固定句型为：n./adj./adv./-ed+as+主语+谓语，此时的as可以换成though。

4. 通过句4和句5可知：“疑问词+-ever”既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句，而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……；无论……”。

【高考链接】（改编自2015安徽卷，23）_______scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still don’t know.

【解析】While/Although/Though。句意：虽然科学家已经了解了很多有关宇宙的东西，但是还有很多我们不知道的。根据句意可知，此题填While/Although/Though。

八、方式状语从句

【实例体验】

1. Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.（改编自2015浙江卷，9）

【规则探究】

通过句1可知：as可以引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”。

【经典试题】（2014年安徽省江南十校联考，26）—Darling，hand me the new suit. My coat may be a little casual for the lecture.

—Why bother? I think you can go________you are.

【解析】as。句意：“亲爱的，把那套西服递给我，我的外套对上课来说也许有点随意。”“别麻烦了，我认为你可以就这样去。”此题考查方式状语从句。as you are意为“你现在的样子”。

九、比较状语从句

【实例体验】

1. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students.（改编自2016浙江卷，19）

2. Were I three years younger than I am now ，I would strongly recommend that I set more practical and specific goals.（改编自2015重庆卷，书面表达范文）

【规则探究】

通过句1和句2可知：比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as，than等连接词引导。

【经典试题】（2016年江西省赣中南五校适应性考试）Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it________just keeping buildings from falling down.

【解析】than。句意：地震安全非常重要，与防止建筑物倒塌相比，还有更多的事情要做。根据句中的“more”可知，设空处填than。

十、状语从句的省略结构

【实例体验】

1. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.（改编自2014浙江卷，阅读理解）

2. If accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.（改编自2015北京卷，31）

3. The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30℃ in summer. （改编自2014福建卷，28）

【规则探究】

1. 通过句1和句2可知：当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中的谓语部分含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。

2. 通过句3可知：当状语从句的主语是it，谓语部分中含有be动词时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。构成“连词（if，unless，when，whenever等）+形容词”的结构。

【高考链接】（改编自2014湖南卷，21）Children，when_______（accompany） by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.

【解析】accompanied。句意：当孩子们由父母陪同时，他们才被允许进入这个运动场。本题考查状语从句的省略结构。“when accompanied by their parents”相当于“when children are accompanied by their parents”，故答案为accompanied.

【巩固练习】

1.________hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without taking regular exercise.

2._______I always felt I could pass the exam ，I had never thought I would get the f rst place in my class.

3. Jim smiled politely________Mary introduced him to her friends.

4. If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay_______you are and wait for help.

5. As is known to us，it is more than 100 years________Qinghua University was founded.

6. Try________she might，the little girl still couldn’t move away the heavy stone.

7. Last Friday，we were walking along the street_______my daughter suddenly heard cries for help.

8.________you start to read the book，I am sure you will show great interest in it.

9. You must try your best to study English. I am sure it won’t be long_______you make progress.

10. No one is allowed to enter the room________called.

【参考答案】1. However 2. While/Although/Though 3. as/when/while 4. where 5. since 6. as/though 7. when 8. Once/If 9. before 10. unless

（作者单位：河北省乐亭县第一中学）