名词性从句考查特点分析

周奥迪

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其连接代词为who（ever），whom（ever）， which（ever）， what（ever）；连词有that，whether，if等；连接副词有when，where，how，why，because等。本期我们通过考点来讲解一下名词性从句：

考点一 对连接代词what， who， which， whom等的考查

1.______ you said at the meeting describes a bridge future for the company.

A. When

B.How

C.What

D.That

2. Police have found____appears to be the best ancient statue.

A. which

B.where

C.how

D.what

3.I read about it in some book or other， does it matter ______ it was？

A. where

B.what

C.how

D.which

答案与简析：1.c。what引导主语从句，做主语从句中said的宾语。2.B。what引导宾语从句，做宾语从句的主语。3.D。which引导主语从句，在从句中做was的表语。

【重点归纳】连接代词起连接作用，并在从句中做主語、宾语、表语或定语。what指物，常做主语、宾语、表语或定语。who和whom指人，who可做主语和宾语，whom只能做宾语，which表示“哪一个”，常作定语、主语、宾语或定语。

难点突破：如何选择连接代词，一方面确定在从句中的成分、一方面看其指代的是什么。

考点二 whatever， whomver， whichever的考查

1._______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

A. Whoever

B.Whatever

C.Whichever

D.Wherever

2. We promise____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A. who

B.whom

C.whoever

D.whomever

答案与简析：1.C。whichever表示“无论你们中哪个人”，在从句中做the window的定语。2.C。whoever引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语。

【重点归纳】 -ever类词主要引导主语从句和宾语从句。常见有whoever/whomever（任何/无论什么人），whatever（任何/无论什么物），whichever（无论哪一个人或物），在从句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语。whoever=anyone who+定语从句，它既可以做从句的主语，也可做宾语；whomever=anyone（whom）+定语从句，只在从句中做宾语；whatever=anything that+定语从句，可以做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。whichever=any（one） that+定语从句，表示“无论哪一个人或物”，所指的对象有一定的范围，可以做从句的主语、宾语或定语。

难点突破：whatever，whoever，which也可引导让步状语从句，分别相当于no matter what，no matter who，no matter which。当选项有no matter…时，一定要首先判断是让步状语从句，还是名词性从句，然后才能确定选项。如：

3._______comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert.

A. Whatever

B.Whoever

C.No matter what

D.No matter who

4. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit____the season.

A. whatever

B.wherever

C.whenever

D.however

答案与简析：3.B。根据句式，这是主语从句，因此不能选择c和D。再根据语境，这里表示“无论什么人”。4.A。根据后面的句子the season （is），可见为让步状语，句意：无论是什么季节，律师总是穿那件律师制服。

考点三 连词that， whether，if，as if， as though等的考查

1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief____you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

A. how

B.that

C.which

D.whether

2. Experts believe____people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

A. why

B.where

C.that

D.what

3. The limits of a person's intelligence， generally speaking， are fixed at birth but____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.

A. where

B.whether

C.that

D.why

答案与简析：1.B。that引导同位语从句，仅仅起连接作用。句意：获得最大成功的唯一办法就是相信自己比别人好。that不作任何成分。2.C。that引导宾语从句，在从句中仅起连接作用。3.B。 whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”。

【重点归纳】连词that引导从句，起连接作用，不作任何成分。whether和if表示“是否”。

难点突破1：whether和if意为“是否”，不担任句子成分，但不可省略。这两个连词表示一种不肯定、不明确概念。他们在使用中有如下规定：

在主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if；在宾语从句中一般可以通用，但在以下情况不能通用。

在动词discuss，leave，put等后常用whether；

后面有or， or not时，用whether；

宾语从句前置时用whether；

做介词的宾语从句用whether。

难点突破2：as if常引导表语从句。如果与事实不符合，常用虚拟语气，时态退后一步，如果是be，用were表达；如果与事实符合，用陈述语气。

4. It doesn't matter____your turn right or left at the crossing because both roads lead to the park.

A. whether

B.how

C.if

D.when

5. At first， he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see____it got any better.

A.when

B.how

C.why

D.if

6. We haven't settled the question of____it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if

B.where

C.whether

D.that

7. Don't handle the vases as if it____made of steel.

A. is

B.were

C.has been

D.had been

答案与简析：4.A。it为形式主语，因此这里是用whether引导主语从句。5.D。if引导宾语从句。 6.C。whether引导介词of的宾语从句。7.B。as if引导表语从句。根据句意，这里是虚拟语气。

考点四 对连接副词where， when， why， how等的考查

1.1 have no idea____the journalist could have not got his information from.

A. that

B.why

C.what

D.where

2. I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer， which is____he never finished anything.

A. that

B.when

C.which

D.why

3. As a new diplomat he often thinks of____he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what

B.which

C.that

D.how

答案與简析：1.D。where引导同位语从句，在从句中表示地点。2.D。why引导表语从句，在从句中表示原因。3.D。how引导宾语从句，在从句中做方式状语。

【重点归纳】连接副词when，where，why，how，because等在从句中其连接作用，并分别在从句中做时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，方式状语等。

考点五 对名词性从句中一些固定结构、特殊句型的考查

1. It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________

a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

3. What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when

B. how

C. whether

D. why

4. Engines are to machines ________ hearts are to animals.

A. whether

B. that

C. what

D. which

5. From space， the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

A.why

B. how

C. because

D.whether

6. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of English liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

答案与简析：1.D。whether引导表语从句，it为形式主语。2.B.that引导表语从句，doubt所在的句子为否定句，用that引导从句。3.C。whether引导表语从句，句中有doubt的肯定句。4.C。what引导表语从句，做表语从句的表语。5.C。because引导表语从句，表示原因。6.D。that引导同位语从句，先行词为a story。

【重点归纳】名词性从句中有一些固定句式，掌握这些句式，能提高我们做题效率。常见有以下句式：

It remains（ed） to be seen whether...。是否……看以后情况。

doubt作为动词或名词在否定句中，用that引导名词性从句，在肯定句或疑问句中用whether，不用if。

句型：A is to B what/as C iS to D：A对于B犹如C对于D。

句型：The reason why/for which... is that...：……的原因是……

That/This/lt is because/why...：那时因为……/那就是做……的结果。

A story goes that...：据说/传说……

Word came that...：消息传来了……

考点六 巧设“分隔现象”或“插入现象”。考查学生的审题分析能力及应变能力

1. The notice came around 2 in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.

A. when

B. that

C. whether

D. how

2. The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. who

3. -It's thirty years since we last met.

-But I still remember the story， believe it or not， ________ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. none

答案與简析：1.B。that引导同位语从句，先行词为notice。2.C。create后面为宾语从句，they hope为插入语，what引导宾语从句，做从句主语。3.B。that引导同位语从句，believe it or not为插入语。

【重点归纳】名词性从句的分割现象主要表现在以下几种情况：

主语含有同位语从句，谓语很短，往往把先行词和同位语从句分开，避免头重脚轻。构成：主语（先行词）+谓语+同位语从句。如题1。

主句和从句之间还有插入语。做此类题要抛开插入语或其他成份，还原成正常语序才能正确选出连接词。如题3。

考点七 对名词性从句时态的考查

1. The manager was concerned to hear that 2 0f his trusted workers ________.

A. will leave

B. are leaving

C. have left

D. were leaving

2. As soon as he comes back， I'll tell him when _______ and see him.

A. you will come

B. will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

3. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you ________ home.

A. wrote

B. will write

C. have written

D. write

答案與简析：1.D。主句是过去时态，宾语从去也应该是过去，因此排除其他三项。2.A。此句中when引导的是宾语从句，根据语境这里是将来，用一般将来时态。3.D。此句中的when引导时间状语从句，表示将来，用一般现在时态。

【重点归纳】含名词性从句的主句和从句时态的确定要依据主从句各自反映的时间和语境确定。

宾语从句的时态应和主句时态相呼应。主句是现在时态，从句依据语境可能是过去、现在或将来。如主句是过去时态，从句一定是过去时态；除非是客观事实，科学真理，用一般现在时态。

难点分析：when和if引导的状语从句指将来，用一般时态表示将来；引导的宾语从句指将来，用将来时态。

考点八 对名词性从句语序的考查以及含插入语的疑问语序

1. These shoes look very good. I wonder ________.

A. how much cost they are

B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost

D. how much are they cost

2. I have always been honest and straightforward and it doesn't matter

________ I'm talking to.

A. who is it

B. who it is

C. it is who

D. it is whom

3. Mum is coming. What present ________ for your birthday？

A. you expect she has got

B. you expect has she got

C. do you expect she has got

D. do you expect has she got

答案与简析：1.C。how much作为连接词引导宾语从句，后面为陈述语序。2.B。who引导主语从句，后面为陈述语序。3.C。含有do you think的插入语，首先是疑问词，接着是插入语倒装，然后陈述语序。

【重点归纳】名词性从句的语序是连词、连接代词或连接副词加陈述语序。

“插入语疑问句”的语序：特殊疑问词开头+do you think/believe/suppose/guess/say...+陈述浯序。

考点九 对名词性从句中的感叹句、强调句及形式主语及形式宾语it的考查

1. Do not let any failures discourage you， for you can never tell____close you may be to victory.

A. how

B.that

C.which

）.where

2.I was surprised by her words， which made me recognized____silly mistakes l had made.

A. what

B.that

C.how

D.which

3. I just wonder____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does

B.what he does

C.how it is

D.what it is

4. He didn't make____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A. this

B.that

C.it

D.these

5.It suddenly occurred to him

he had left his keys in the office.

A. whether

B.where

C.which

D.that

6. It is not who is right but what is right____is of importance.

A. which

B.it

C.that

D.this

答案与简析：1.A。宾语从句为感叹句：How close you may be to victory。2.A。宾语从句为感叹句：what silly mistakes I had made03.D。宾语从句为强调句的特殊疑问句。4.C。考查it做形式宾语，真正宾语为when and where引导的宾语从句。5.Do that引导主语从句，it为形式主语。It occur to sb. that...表示“某人突然想起某事”。6.C。考查强调句，强调的是由not...but引导的两个主语从句并列。

【重点归纳】由how和what引导的感叹句在宾语从句中，要注意把how和what所修饰的形容词、副词或名词一起提前，用陈述语序。

强调句的特殊疑问句在宾语从句中的语序为：疑问词+it be +that+原句剩余部分。

考查it做形式宾语和形式主语的用法。

强调名词性从句的强调句，主语强调句的结构。