新中国成立以来陕西农技推广发展研究

苏毅

摘 要：新中国成立后，陕西农技推广进入到了全面快速发展的历史新阶段。建国70多年来，陕西农技推广伴随着农村土地权制的变革和深刻影响，完成了由“计划”向“市场”、由以粮为主向粮蔬果肉奶蛋及产加销各领域推进、由“追求数量”向“品质和效益优先”的方向转变;推广体系得到了不断的健全和完善，推广了一系列技术良种、生产工艺，农机具设备等，推广成效显著;积累了宝贵的经验和方法，并给予历史的启迪和思索，指导当下陕西农技推广更好地开展。同时，针对当前陕西农技推广中存在的一些问题，提出了相应的对策建议。

关键词：陕西;农技推广;历史脉络;成效;经验启示

中图分类号 F323 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2020）09-0001-06

Research on Shaanxi Agricultural Technology Extension and Development since the Establishment of the P. R. C

Su Yi

（Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of Shaanxi， Xi′an 710054， China）

Abstract： After the founding of new China， Shaanxi agricultural technology promotion has entered a new historical stage of comprehensive and rapid development. In the 70 years since the founding of the People′s Republic of China， the promotion of agricultural technology in Shaanxi has been accompanied by the reform and profound impact of the land tenure system in rural areas. From the “pursuit of quantity” to the “quality and efficiency first” direction; the promotion system has been continuously improved and perfected， a series of technical varieties， production processes， agricultural machinery and equipment have been promoted， and the promotion has achieved remarkable results; valuable experience and Methods， and give historical inspiration and reflection to guide the current development of agricultural technology promotion in Shaanxi. At the same time， some solutions to the problems in the current agricultural technology extension in Shaanxi are given.

Key words： Shaanxi; Agricultural technology extension; Historical context; Effectiveness; Experience and inspiration

新中國成立后，陕西农技推广进入到了新的历史发展阶段。建国70多年来，陕西农技推广经过建国初期的初步发展后，在农村公社化及农业自然灾害时期遭受波动和影响，短暂的调整恢复后，又在“文革”中遭受了更为严重的冲击，以致全省农技推广进入到了历史的低谷。1978年后，伴随着农村家庭联产承包责任制的实施和农村商品化经济的不断发展，农村多种生产经营活动广泛地开展起来，为适应市场、满足各种需求，陕西农技推广围绕农业生产的各个领域、各个行业，以多种形式推广了一系列的技术、良种、方法等，取得了明显成效。2000年以来，随着市场经济的进一步发展，市场行为与市场经营理念广泛渗透并影响着社会发展的方方面面与各行各业，农技推广领域自然也不例外，市场化促使社会多元力量广泛参与到农技推广中，推广的深度、广度得到了全面提升与拓展。……