许璐璐 王涵 高盼盼 吴三桥 张辰露
摘要 根是植物获取养分和水分的重要器官,易受环境因子(水分、温度、土壤、光照等)的影响,植物通过改变根系形态(根长、根面积、直径、组织结构及空间构型等)以适应环境胁迫。根系形态的改变也会反作用于根际土壤微环境,影响植物根系的生长和发育。植物根系形态的环境可塑性对于一些根类药材的品质形成而言具有重要意义。总结了环境胁迫因子对植物根系形态的影响及作用机制,为探究环境因子对植物根系的可塑性调控作用提供参考,对阐明特定生态区域根类中药材的品质形成具有一定指导意义。
关键词 根系;形态;环境胁迫因子;可塑性;作用机制
中图分类号 Q945 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2020)14-0016-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.005
Abstract The root can absorb the moisture and nutrition as a vital organ of plants. They are affected by the environmental factors (moisture,temperature,soil,light, etc.) . Plants adapt to the environmental stress by changing root morphology (root length,root area,diameter,tissue structure,and spatial configuration, etc.). The change of root morphology will also react on soil microenvironment near the rhizosphere and affect the growth and development of plant roots. Environmental plasticity of plant root morphology has a great significance for the quality formation in some root medicinal herbs. This article summarizes the effects and its mechanism of environmental stress on plant root morphology,and provides a reference for exploring the plasticity regulation of environmental factors on plant roots. It has certain guiding significance to clarify the quality formation of Chinese medicinal materials in specific ecological regions.
Key words Plant roots;Morphology;Environmental stress factor;Plasticity;Action mechanism
根系是植物获取营养和水分的重要器官,具有锚定支撑、吸收养分和水、释放分泌物等功能。根系将植株固定在土壤中,随植株生长根会向下延展至深层土壤中,侧根会增大根系角度向四周扩散生长为了获得更多营养、水分等生命所需物质,在一定生长时期和环境条件下,呈现出一定的根系构型和形态,根系将从土壤中获取的物质传递到茎、叶和枝干中,又将枝干、叶中光合作用的同化产物转运到根部,用于根系生长发育。此外,根系还能产生某些氨基酸、有机酸、酚类等根系分泌物,这些根系分泌物的积累可能改变根区土壤的微环境,例如土壤pH、土壤质地以及养分状态等,当环境条件变化时,植物通过某些途径调控根系形态,使之发生不同程度的变化以适应环境条件的改变,植物根系表现出可塑性[1]。……