程敬芹
[摘要]本文阐述伤残接受度的概念、测评工具,并对影响伤残接受度的因素进行了总结与分析,主要包括人口学特征、疾病特征、患者对疾病的理解程度、个人因素(人格特质、应对方式、日常功能活动等)和心理社会因素(心理、正负面情绪体验、家庭及社会支持等)。提出在未来的研究中应开展纵向研究,深入探讨影响伤残接受度的因素,并在此基础上制定针对性的干预措施,帮助患者接纳自我,树立积极面对疾病的毅力和决心,促进患者康复。
[关键词]伤残;伤残接受度;影响因素;医护工作者
[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)7(b)-0023-04
Research progress on the factors affecting acceptance of disability
CHENG Jing-qin
The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tai′an City, Shandong Province, Tai′an 271000, China
[Abstract] This paper explains the concept of acceptance of disability, assessment tools, and the factors affecting the acceptance of disability are summarized and analyzed. It mainly includes demographic characteristics, disease characteristics, patients′ understanding of the disease, personal factors (personality traits, coping styles, daily functional activities, etc.) and psychosocial factors (psychology, positive and negative emotional experience, family and social support, etc.). It is proposed that longitudinal research should be carried out in future studies to deeply explore the factors affecting acceptance of disability, and on this basis, targeted intervention measures should be formulated to help patients accept themselves, establish the perseverance and determination to face the disease positively, and promote the recovery of patients.
[Key words] Disability; Acceptance of disability; Affecting factors; Medical workers
伤残接受度(acceptance of disability,AOD)是指个体接受自身损伤和残疾状态并积极寻求改变发展目标,学习新技能,并有能力应对伤残对自身造成的各种负面影响,重建积极的自我价值,早日回归家庭和社会[1]。伤残接受包括价值范围扩大、身体形态的從属性、包容伤残的影响、从固有价值向对比价值的转变等方面。价值范围扩大是指伤残者能够找到其他方面的价值弥补由于伤残而丧失的某些价值。身体形态的从属性是指个体已经接纳自身外观和功能的改变。包容伤残的影响是指个体不再注重伤残对自身不利的影响,而是将注意力转移到其他更有意义的事情上。从对比价值向固有价值的转变是指伤残患者不与别人比较,更加注重自身所具有的价值[2]。研究表明,伤残接受度是心理社会适应的关键因素,伤残接受度高的患者具有较高的社会适应水平,并以更加乐观的精神状态和更为积极的心理健康促进行为应对疾病,从而促进机体康复[3]。……