增施有机肥对番石榴产量和品质的影响

张朝坤 黄婉莉 康仕成

摘  要：探讨在施用化肥的基础上增施有机肥对番石榴一年两批果实产量和品质的影响，以期为番石榴科学施肥提供依据。以‘红香1号’番石榴为研究对象，以单施化肥为对照，比较每株增施有机肥2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0 kg对番石榴果实外观性状、产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明：在施用化肥的基础上，增施有机肥可增加单果质量，增大纵径、横径和果形指数，改善果实外观性状，提高产量，同时提高了果实可溶性固形物、Vc、可溶性糖和还原糖的含量，降低可滴定酸含量，改善果实风味，提高果实品质和经济效益;其中每株增施7.5 kg有机肥效果最佳，与CK相比，第1批和第2批果实的单果质量、果实纵径和横径分别增长了32.48%和20.77%、31.70%和33.97%、25.43%和24.58%，可溶性固形物、Vc、可溶性糖和还原糖分别提高了14.95%和25.76%、56.58%和57.55%、56.93%和53.23%、40.87%和50.54%，可滴定酸含量降低了25.00%和19.35%，总利润提高了55.46%。

关键词：番石榴;有机肥;产量;品质

中图分类号：S667.9      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The study was aimed to explore the effects of adding organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of two har-vests of guava fruits a year with chemical fertilizers， and to provide a basis for scientific fertilization of guava. The ef-fects on the appearance， yield， quality and economic benefits of guava fruit of ‘Hongxiang No. 1’ by the application of chemical fertilizer （CK）， CK + organic fertilizer 2.5 kg/plant， CK + organic fertilizer 5.0 kg/plant， CK + organic fertilizer 7.5 kg/plant and CK + organic fertilizer 10.0 kg/plant were studied. The combined application of organic fertilizer increased the quality of fruit， increased the longitudinal diameter， transversed diameter and fruit shape index， improved the appearance of the fruit， increased the yield， and at the same time increased the contents of soluble solids， Vc， soluble sugar and reducing sugar， reduced the content of titratable acid， improved economic benefits. Among them， the effect of applying 7.5 kg of organic fertilizer per plant is the best. The quality of the first and second harvest fruit， the vertical and horizontal diameter of the fruit increased by 32.48% and 20.77%， 31.70% and 33.97%， respectively， the content of soluble solids， Vc， soluble sugar and reducing sugar increased by 14.95% and 25.76%， 56.58% and 57.55%， 56.93% and 53.23%， 40.87% and 50.54%， respectively， the the content of titratable acid content reduced by 25.00% and 19.35%， and the total profit increased by 55.46% over CK.

Keywords： Psidium guajava; organic fertilizer; yield; quality

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.023

番石榴（Psidium guajava）为桃金娘科（Myricaceae）番石榴属（Psidium）植物，原产热带美洲，为热带和亚热带地区广泛种植的水果。番石榴果实甘甜多汁、营养价值高，富含多种人体所需的营养和抗氧化物质，深受消费者喜爱[1]。番石榴植株对环境的适应性较强，果实采收期长，种植效益快，有较高的经济价值和栽培价值[2]。前人众多研究表明，番石榴果实生长、产量和品质与施肥密切相关[3-5]。

合理施用有机肥，能够提高土壤肥力，改善土壤的理化性状，同时增强土壤的蓄肥和蓄水能力。相关研究表明，施用有机肥能够显著提高土壤中全氮、颗粒有机氮、可溶性有机氮、微生物量氮以及轻组有机氮（LFON-N）的含量[6]。……