肖爱民 张爱佳 徐红 玛依拉·买代提



摘要: “艾列切克”女帽是柯尔克孜族姑娘出嫁穿戴的最隆重服饰之一,并伴随其一生,承载着柯尔克孜族女性的傳统文化、审美情趣、思想情感及风土人情。文章通过实地调研艾列切克女帽的形制,从造型、帽身结构及装饰等进行梳理和分类,同时对其配饰纹样、材质、工艺分析。艾列切克女帽主体结构由软帽、帽冠、盖巾三个部分组成,每个部分结构各异,造型独特,穿戴过程繁复,装饰手法多样,极具民族特色。通过对艾列切克女帽形制进行详细解构,对其内外层的构成方法、配饰纹样及材质进行研究分析。
关键词: 柯尔克孜;艾列切克;形制;装饰;民族服饰
中图分类号: TS935.529;J523.4
文献标志码: B
文章编号: 1001-7003(2021)05-0125-05
引用页码: 051301
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.05.019(篇序)
Abstract: "Alechek" millinery as one of the most solemn costumes for Kirgiz girls when getting married is also their life-long company that contains the traditional culture, aesthetic appeal, thoughts, emotions and customs of Kirgiz women. Through a field research on the shape and structure of Alechek millinery, this paper sorted and classified its style, hat structure and decoration, analyzed its pattern, material and craft. The main structure of the Alechek womens millinery is composed of three parts: a soft hat, a crown and a turban, which has different structure and unique shape, respectively. The wearing process is complicated and decoration methods are diverse, with extremely distinctive national characteristics. This paper analyzed and studied the composition methods of the inner and outer layers, accessories patterns and materials through a detailed deconstruction of the shape of the Alechek millinery.
Key words: Kirgiz; Alechek; shape; decoration; ethnic costume
柯尔克孜族世代生活在高山、草原地区,以游牧方式生活。受所处的自然环境及生活方式影响,积淀了深厚的民俗文化,其中帽饰在其服饰上有着独特的民族文化特征。在柯尔克孜族女性生活中最隆重的是婚礼时穿戴的艾列切克女帽。法国研究突厥的学者雷米·道尔针对阿富汗柯尔克孜族妇女们的艾列切克这样写道:“虽然艾列切克的制作是那么的复杂繁琐,当婚礼结束之后就几乎不戴,不过,每一个妇女一辈子都要收藏。”[1]艾列切克因部落不同有小艾列切克、鹅头式艾列切克、扎花艾列切克、冠形艾列切克、克依木艾列切克等,“克依木艾列切克”主要流行于北疆地区,“冠形艾列切克”主要流行于帕米尔高原的基普恰克部落[2],“扎花艾列切克”在邻国吉尔吉斯斯坦[3]。……