基于不同生态环境下的甜糯玉米单倍体自然加倍效果初探

陈祥 孙洁 于海燕 李剑明

摘    要：为筛选出适合甜糯玉米单倍体自然加倍的生态环境与遗传基础材料，以吉林农业科技学院玉米遗传育种创新团队自主选育的诱导系‘吉科诱115为父本，‘吉科糯1号、‘吉科糯15和‘吉科糯20为母本材料进行杂交诱导所产生的单倍体为供试材料，共设置3个生态环境进行单倍体自然加倍试验，分别为南滨冬播、九站春播和九站夏播。结果表明，不同遗传基础的甜糯玉米材料、不同生态环境下的自然加倍率均存在着显著差异。遗传基础方面，‘吉科糯15的自然加倍率最高，‘吉科糯20次之，‘吉科糯1号最低;生态环境方面，南滨冬播的自然加倍率最高，九站夏播次之，九站春播最低。综上，适宜的生态环境与遗传基础材料，有利于甜糯玉米单倍体育种技术研究的开展。

关键词：甜糯玉米;生态环境;单倍体;自然加倍;加倍率

中图分类号：S513        文献标识码：A           DOI 編码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.04.002

Abstract：In order to screen out the ecological environment and genetic basic materials suitable for haploid natural doubling of sweet glutinous corn. In this study， 'Jikeyou 115'， an induction line independently selected by the Maize Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team of Jilin University of Agricultural Science and Technology， was used as the male parent，and the haploid produced by cross induction of 'Jikenuo No.1'， 'Jikenuo 15'， 'Jikenuo 20' was used as the female parent. The haploid natural doubling experiment was carried out in three ecological environments， which were winter sowing， spring sowing and summer sowing in Jiuzhan along the southern shore. The results showed that there were significant differences in the natural doubling rate of sweet glutinous corn with different genetic basis and under different ecological environment. In terms of genetic basis， the natural doubling rate of 'Jikenuo 15' was the highest， followed by 'Jikenuo 20' and 'Jikenuo No.1'. In terms of ecological environment， the natural doubling rate of winter sowing in the south shore was the highest， followed by summer sowing at Jiuzhan and spring sowing at Jiuzhan. In conclusion， suitable ecological environment and genetic base materials are beneficial to the development of haploid breeding technology of sweet glutinous corn.

Key words： sweet-waxy corn;ecological environment;haploid;natural doubling;doubling rate

玉米作为我国重要的粮食作物，其用途广泛涉及到食品业、饲料业、加工业等多个领域[1]。相比于普通玉米，鲜食玉米口感更佳，且籽粒中含有更高含量的蛋白质、氨基酸，并且易于被人体吸收[2-3]。与此同时，甜、糯玉米拥有较多的加工方式，既可以做菜食用，也可以制成罐头、真空塑料包装等食品[4]。当前，鲜食玉米市场上又出现了一种集甜、糯玉米优良特性于一体的鲜食玉米，即甜糯玉米（Sweet-waxy corn），也极受消费者喜爱[5]。鲜食玉米市场需求量的扩大加速了甜糯型玉米新品种的更新换代，必将促进甜糯玉米育种进程。……