烤烟新品种粤烟1号的选育及特征特性

宗钊辉 魏彬 曾涛 赵伟才 王维

摘 要：烤烟新品种粤烟1号（HY1）是以优质、适产、耐低温、抗早花为育种目标，采用优质烤烟品种G28为母本，拗尾烟（K326变异系）为父本，经自交、回交，系谱选育而成。该品种遗传性状稳定，生长势强，株型筒型，叶形长椭圆，上部叶开片较好;综合经济性状显著高于K326，略高于云烟87;原烟外观质量与K326相当，感官质量略低于K326;抗逆性强，耐低温、抗早花，中抗黑胫病和根结线虫病，中感青枯病、赤星病和PVY，感TMV和CMV，抗病性略低于K326，适宜在东南烟区种植。

关键词：烤烟;新品种;粤烟1号;选育;特征特性

Abstract： The new flue-cured tobacco variety Yueyan 1 （HY1） is a new variety bred by self-crossbreeding and back- crossbreeding with on G28 as the female parent and K326 variant line （Ao wei tobacco） as the male parent， aiming at high quality， suitable yield， resistant low temperature and resistant early flowering. In the field， Yueyan 1 has stable genetic traits， with cylinder shape plant type and oblong leaf shape， and the Upper Leaves opening was better. The comprehensive economic characteristics of Yueyan 1 were significantly higher than K326， slightly higher than Yunyan 87. The appearance quality of Yueyan 1 cured tobacco was equivalent to K326， and the sensory quality was slightly lower than K326. The variety showed strong stress resistance， resistant to low temperature and early flowering， showing moderate resistance to black shank and root knot nematode disease， moderate susceptibility to bacterial wilt disease， brown spot disease and PVY， and was susceptible to TMV and CMV. Yueyan 1 disease resistance was slightly lower than K326 and Yunyan 87. It was suitable for planting in the southeast China tobacco area.

Keywords： flue-cured tobacco; new variety; Yueyan 1; breeding; characteristics

煙叶质量是卷烟生产的重要保障，是烟草行业高质量发展的重要基础，烟叶质量受品种、栽培、烘烤等因素影响，其中品种是决定烟叶质量与产量的重要因素[1-2]。进入21世纪，随着烟草基因组计划重大专项的实施，育成了一大批烤烟良种[3-6]，自育品种推广率超过了80%[7-8]，但关于耐低温、抗早花品种选育较少。烟草是喜温作物，在移栽后遇到低温天气胁迫，会导致烟叶早花，严重影响烟叶的产质量[9-11]。广东烟区是我国典型的浓香型烟叶产区，烟叶香气浓郁，具有焦甜香、焦香，烟气绵长厚实[12-13]，在当前各大卷烟品牌配方中具有不可替代的调香作用。广东烟叶产区移栽期一般是1月下

旬至2月下旬，正值低温、阴雨季节，容易出现早花，导致产量与品质下降，严重影响广东省烟叶生产发展。因此，选育耐低温、抗早花品种，对解决烟叶生产早花问题，提高广东省烟叶质量整体水平和烟叶可用性具有重要的意义，本研究以烟叶生产与工业需求为导向选育出具有浓香型风格、耐低温、抗早花的优质适产烤烟新品种粤烟1号。……