铁路通用敞车装运35t敞顶箱装载加固装置设计及受力分析

冯自强

[摘要]随着“公转铁”进一步深化，使用35t敞顶箱装运散粮成为一种经济快捷的运输方式。由于70t敞车车内尺寸较长，装载两个35t敞顶箱后，在纵方向上将会有近1m的空隙，为了确保35t敞顶箱运输安全，防止运输过程中敞顶箱发生碰撞损、偏载等事故，装车时采取制作木框的方式进行加固。通过分析敞顶箱在铁路运输过程中的受力对木框各部件的影响，确定木框的每个部件最小规格标准，以降低装载加固材料成本，提高装载加固效率，节省不必要的装载加固费用，提升铁路运输的市场竞争力，最终达到提高经济效益的目的。

[关键词]铁路运输;敞顶箱;加固装置;受力分析

[中图分类号]U294.25[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1005-152X（2021）12-0112-06

Design and Force Analysis of Loading and Strengthening Device for 35-ton Open-top Container Used on General Railway Gondola Cars

FENGZ iqiang

（China Railway Wuhan Group Co.，Ltd.，Zhumadian Train Depot，Zhumadian 463000，China）

Abstract：With the advancement of the “highway- to- railway transfer”campaign，the 35t open- top box gains popularity as an economical and fast means for bulk grain transportation. Since a 70t gondola can accommodate two 35t open top boxes lengthwise and still leave a nearly 1m gap between the boxes，in order to ensure in- transit safety of the 35t open top boxes and prevent them from collision or skewing，etc.，wooden frames are often used to fix and reinforce the boxes. By analyzing the influence of the force of the open-top boxes on the components of the wooden frame during railway transportation，we determined the minimum specification for each component of the wooden frame for the purpose to reduce the cost of loading and strengthening，improve loading and strengthening efficiency，save unnecessary loading and strengthening expenditures，enhance the market competitiveness of railway transportation，and ultimately achieve better economic benefits.

Keywords：railway transportation;open top box;strengthening device;force analysis

0引言

每年夏季鐵路都会迎来小麦运输旺季，铁路装载小麦运输的常用方式有三种：一是将小麦打包使用棚车装运，按成件包装货物运输;二是使用散粮专用集装袋敞车装运，按散堆装货物运输;三是使用敞顶箱装运，按集装化运输。其中，敞顶箱因装卸方便、作业快捷、装卸地点灵活，相比棚车和敞车装运具有安全性高、装卸效率高等优点，成为货主最受欢迎的散粮装载方式。敞顶箱最理想的运输方式是使用专用平板或两用平板直接装运，无需任何加固就能保证运输安全，且能够有效地降低货主运输成本。但实际装运过程中，受各地同时装箱量大，专用平车和两用平车难以调配等多种因素影响，促使70t 敞车装载敞顶箱成为另一种行之有效的方式。……