薛武更 孙光荣
〔摘要〕 “时令”元素是国医大师孙光荣长期临床实践中总结的辨证元素之一。孙老师认为“时令”元素对疾病的论治影响主要体现在以下方面:加强辨病辨证;指导处方用药;防治未病;联系形神;养生保健;预测疾病逆顺。临床诊治疾病时结合运用“时令”元素,常能收获良效。
〔关键词〕 时令;辨病辨证;治未病;形神;孙光荣
〔中图分类号〕R2 〔文献标志码〕B 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.12.001
Analysis on the Connotation of Syndrome Differentiation Elements of “Season”
Used by Chinese Medicine Master Sun Guangrong
XUE Wugeng1, SUN Guangrong2
(1. Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center of Beijing Fengtai District, Beijing 100078, China;
2. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China)
〔Abstract〕 “Season” element is one of the elements of syndrome differentiation summarized by Sun Guangrong, the master of traditional Chinese medicine. Professor Sun thinks that its connotation is mainly embodied in the following aspects: strengthening disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation, guiding prescription medication, preventing treatment of disease, connecting the body and spirit, keeping in good health, and predicting the good and bad of diseases. The combination of "season" element in clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases can often reap good results.
〔Keywords〕 season; disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation; preventing treatment of disease; body and spirit; Sun Guangrong
国医大师孙光荣教授在长期的临床实践过程中,基于“中和思想”,探索和总结了20个辨证元素[1-2]:时令、男女、长幼、干湿、劳逸、鳏寡、生育、新旧、裕涩、旺晦10个一般元素和形神、盛衰、阴阳、寒热、表里、虚实、主从、标本、顺逆、生死10个重要元素。临床中辨析这些元素,即可辨明“失中失和”之所在,并主要从“思辨重点、临床意义、联系形神”等方面对每个元素进行辨析。現就国医大师孙光荣运用“时令”辨证元素临床内涵解析报道如下。
1 “时令”源流分析
时令,即时令季节,有四季、二十四节气等,与人的生、长、壮、老、已及其疾病息息相关。如《周礼·天官冢宰第一》记载:“四时皆有痟疾:春时有痟首疾,夏时有痒疥疾,秋时有疟寒疾,冬时有嗽上气疾。”《吕氏春秋》也有“孟春……行秋令,则民大疫”“季春……行夏令,则民多疾疫”“季夏行春令,则……国多风咳”“孟秋……行夏令,……民多疟疾”等记载。关于时令与人体生理、病理的关系,《内经》中已有深刻认识。《素问·宝命全形论》曰:“人以天地之气生,四时之法成。”《灵枢·岁露》曰:“人与天地相参也,与日月相应也。”人体脏腑、气血、阴阳的变化与自然界天地阴阳之气的运动变化密切相关,即天人合一、天人相应。