连系动词复习探析

李晓飞

连系动词是中学英语学习的重要语法项目,也是历届高考的重难点,灵活多变的系动词考法看似繁琐,实际上有规律可循。

连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与其后的表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词、形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。按照系动词本身的词义可分为三类。

1.“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。常见的有:be,look,prove等。如:The story sounds true.

2.“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。常见的有:keep,stand等。如:The store remains closed.

3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变成另一种情况或状态。常见的有:grow,go等。如:He turned teacher ten years ago but later he became a doctor.

【注意】

(1)连系动词通常不用被动语态或进行时态。如:

—Do you like the material?—Yes, it feels soft.

(2)系动词seem, prove.等后常用不定式作表语,接to be时常省略。如:My advice proved (to be) wrong.

(3)“存在”类中的look,feel等表事物属性时作系动词用,否则用作实义动词。如:The doctor is feeling① his pulse because he feels② sick.①实义动词,②系动词。

(4)有的系动词后接的从句可用不定式改写。如:

It appears that you have made a mistake. / You ap?鄄pear to have made a mistake.

(5)系动词后常接形容词作表语,一般不接副词。有时系动词后也接副词作表语,但仅限于in, on, off等少数副词小品词以及here, there等少数地点方位副词。如:Mother is downstairs waiting for you.

连系动词的高考方向:

一、连系动词后的词及形式变化

系动词后常接名词、形容词或形容词化的现在分词、过去分词、不定式等形式作表语。如:

①My parents have always made me ____about my?鄄self, even when I was twelve. (2007江苏)

A. feeling well B. feeling good

C. feel well D. feel good

【解析】D。feel后接形容词作表语;make后不定式作宾补省去to。

②Please remain ____, the winder of the prize will be announced soon. (2008辽宁)

A. seating B. seated

C. to seat D. to be seated

【解析】B。seated是形容词化的过去分词。

③Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ___everything. (2001上海)

A. to tellB. to be told

C. to be telling D. to have been told

【解析】D。appear跟不定式作表语;she与tell是被动关系。

二、连系动词的形态变化

1.本身的形态变化。系动词属于不及物动词,无被动形式的变化。如:The flowers ___sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004上海)

A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt

【解析】B。smell sweet是系表结构。

2.时态的形态变化。系动词虽然本身没有被动形式,但有时态的形式变化。

如:Police are now searching for a woman who is re?鄄ported to ___since the flood hit the area last Friday. (2006山东)

A. have been missingB. have got lost

C. being missingD. get lost

【解析】A。get lost强调状态的变化,瞬间的动作,missing是形容词。

三、根据文义选择系动词

如:①Emergency line operators must always ___calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help. (2007湖北)

A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay

【解析]】D。句意考查的系动词有“保持”意义,用“持续”类系动词。

②—How are the team playing ?

—Theyre playing well, but one of them____hurt. (2002北京春招)

A. gotB. getsC. areD .were

【解析】A。句意强调动作的偶然性。

(责编 黄 晓)