荣红霞 石孟悦
[摘 要] 外贸企业的融资活动可以看成是一种动态博弈,这种动态博弈的信息是不完全的。我国外贸企业目前的融资是十分困难的,外源性融资的不足是我国外贸企业资金不充足的重要原因。企业与银行中的信息存在不对称现象,银行与企业都不是可以单独存在的,二者相互影响,相互博弈,相互促进。通过建立博弈论模型,能够更深刻的了解到企业披露自身信息的重要性,以及提高商誉的重要性。随着政府的支持,银行的配合以及企业自身的努力,我国外贸企业一定能解决信息不对称的问题,克服融资困难。
[关键词] 博弈视角;外贸企业;融资;信息不对称;对策和建议
[中图分类号] F640 [文献标识码] A
Abstract: Financing activities of foreign trade enterprises could be seemed as a kind of dynamic game; information in the dynamic game is not complete. China's foreign trade enterprises have serious financial difficulties. The main cause for capital scarce of the enterprises is the insufficient exogenous financing. There is information asymmetry between the enterprise and banks; however, the two could not survive independently. They affect, play chess against and facilitate the growth of each other. By building a game theoretical model, the importance of information disclosure by enterprises themselves and the significance of improving business reputation are understood profoundly. With governmental support, bank cooperation and enterprises effort, foreign trade businesses in China could overcome the financing difficulties by solving the problem of information asymmetry.
Key words: the perspective of game, foreign trader, financing, information asymmetry, strategy and suggestion
一、我国外贸企业的融资现状分析
(一)外贸企业的融资现状
我国外贸企业目前的融资是十分困难的。外源性融资的不足是我国外贸企业资金不充足的重要原因。产生这种情况的原因有这样两种:首要的原因就是融资渠道狭窄。经济体制和资金管理政策等因素对企业筹资渠道起到了很大的制约作用。但我国外贸企业融资渠道狭窄,主要表现为自有资金有限、资本市场筹集困难、商业银行贷款困难以及政府扶持资金有限。我国资本市场目前还未发展完善,因此企业进入股票市场具有很高的难度。因此他们想要获取贷款就需要以抵押为代价,但外贸企业可供抵押的资产很少,加之财务制度存在缺陷,很容易破产,所以多数商业银行认为贷款给外贸企业风险太高而产生不愿为外贸企业贷款的现象。……