创新创业教育对大学生就业质量提升的研究

秦学斌 昝宏洋 汪梅 王湃 杜京义 王美

摘 要：新经济形势下，就业整体形势依然严峻，普通高校毕业生的就业压力仍然较大。但企业对于综合能力强、具备创新实践能力的优秀毕业生的数量和质量需求日益增长，因此毕业生的创新意识和创新能力的培养，严重影响毕业生就业质量。根据陕西省高校毕业生就业质量年度报告（2014—2017年度）以及西安科技大学毕业生就业质量年度报告（2014—2017年度），对西安科技大学电气与控制工程学院本科专业毕业生就业质量进行了分析和对比，讨论了加强创新创业教育的一些举措对提升大学生就业质量的影响作用。实践证明，通过多种模式以赛促能，建设传帮带、自我管理的创新创业实训平台，基于学科竞赛和成果转化的考核模式，能够激发学生的创新意识和积极性，切实提高毕业生的就业质量。分析了创新创业教育的现状，指出了在新形势下创新创业教育体系建设的内容，探索了创新创业理论课程体系建设方法与措施，实践表明，该措施可以有效提升大学生工程创新能力，提升就业竞争力。

关键词：创新创业教育；就业质量；创新意识；毕业生

中图分类号：X 936 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7312（2018）05-0505-05

Abstract：Under the new economic situation，the overall employment situation is still grim，and the employment pressure of ordinary college graduates is still relatively large.But the quantity and quality demand of the outstanding graduates with strong comprehensive ability and innovative practice ability is growing，so the innovation consciousness and innovation ability of the graduates seriously affect the quality of graduates employment.Based on the annual report on the quality of employment of college graduates in Shaanxi（2014～2017 year）and the annual report on the quality of employment of Xian University of Science And Technology graduates（2014～2017 year），this paper analyzes and compares the employment quality of undergraduate students in the College of electrical and control engineering of Xian University of Science And Technology，and introduces the innovation of the electronic control institute.The situation of entrepreneurship education was discussed，and the impact of some measures to enhance the quality of employment was discussed.Practice proof shows that a variety of models to promote students ability can stimulate students innovative awareness and enthusiasm，and effectively improve the quality of employment of graduates.This paper analyzes the present situation of innovation and entrepreneurship education，points out the content of the construction of the innovation and entrepreneurship education system under the new situation，and probes into the construction methods and measures of the curriculum system of innovation and entrepreneurship theory.Practice proof shows that this measure can effectively enhance the engineering innovation ability of college students and enhance the competitiveness of employment.

Key words：innovation and entrepreneurship education；employment quality；graduate；innovation consciousness

0 引 言

在“中国制造2025”的行动纲领下，实现工业信息化、深入推进制造业结构调整、推动重点领域突破发展、推进信息化與工业化深度融合等离不开创新型人才的培养。创新型产业如信息技术、互联网+、节能环保、高端制造、智慧物流、智能家居、新能源、生物制造等新兴行业对创新型、复合型人才的数量和质量需求随着行业的蓬勃发展不断提高[1]。……