马永军
摘要:“many”跟可数名词复数相联系,“much”指的是不可数名词。表示“多达…”时,“as many as”与“as much as”的差异则不能完全等同于“ many”和“much”区别。“as much as”结构在表示“多达…”时,其用法貌似简单,其实它除后接不可数名词外,还可在诸多情况下后接可数名词复数形式。因此,在语言教学实践中,弄清楚、搞明白“as much as”的某些特殊用法对于正确使用英语是十分必要的。
关键词: as many as;as much as;可数名词;不可数名词
当对人或事物言其多的时候,人们常说“多达…”,英文里可用“as many as” 与“as much as”结构。那么“as many as” 与“as much as”有何区别?它们之间的差异是否简单地等同于“many”与“much”的区别?“as much as”只能后接不可数名词吗?本文拟从“many”、“much”、“as many as”和“as much as”的基本用法入手,探讨何种情况下“as much as”也可后接可数名词的复数形式这一特殊用法。
一、many 的主要用法
1.1 many用作形容词,后接可数名词的复数形式,主要用于否定句和疑问句, 间或用于肯定句(尤其后接表示时间和距离的词)。
1. Do you go to many movies?
你经常去看电影吗?
2. I dont go to many movies.
我不经常去看电影。
3. 我经常去看电影。
I go to a lot of movies. 不能说成:I go to many movies.
4. Did you stay in China for many years?
你在中国呆了很多年吗?
5. 我在中国呆了很多年。
I stayed in China many years. 不能说成:I stayed in China a lot of years.
6. 从这边走到那边有好几码。
Its many yards from this side to that side.
不能说成:Its a lot of yards from this side to that side.
1.2 many用作名词
1. Many of the engineers and technicians want to draw a lesson from the past failure before going on.
許多工程技术人员愿从过去的失败中吸取教训,然后继续干下去。
2. Any responsible government should improve conditions for the many.
任何负责任的政府都应为大多数人改善生活条件。
二、much 的主要用法
2.1 用作形容词,后接不可数名词
1. There isnt much water left in the jar, youd better fetch some.
罐子里剩的水不多了,你最好去取点。
2. North China has many oil-fields, that is to say, there is much oil there.
华北地区有许多油田,也就是说那里蕴藏好多石油。
3. If I have much time tomorrow morning, Ill visit you with my friends.
明天上午时间充裕的话,我会跟朋友一道去拜访你。
2.2 用作名词
1. Much of the waste acid in the chemical plant has been fully utilized.
该化工厂好多废酸已经被充分利用起来。……