杜瑀峤
摘要:社群档案藏品的内容和形式均超过了传统档案的范畴,其权威性和凭证性难以保证,导致人们对社群档案中的“档案”概念存疑。为全面理解社群档案,可以从记忆、历史和档案三个维度进行诠释,记忆维度侧重社群档案的社会性、多样性和流动性,历史维度强调社群档案的真实性、客观性和关联性,档案维度强调社群档案的组织性、纪律性和凭证性。而社群档案与传统档案观念在藏品性质和作用价值方面存在着通性,即社群档案的“档案性”,这正是档案专业背景介入社群档案的重要切入点。
关键词:社群档案;集体记忆;档案社会化
分类号:G270
Community Archives:the Intersection of Memory, History and Archives
Du Yuqiao(School of Information Management of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006)
Abstract:Community archives challenge the traditional archival collectives and its hard to ensure their authorities and evidentiary values, which make its difficult to define the concept of“archives”in the term of“community archives”. The essential reason for the complexity and diversity of community archives is that they are the product of the intersection of multiple fields. In order to understand community archives comprehensively, it can be interpreted from the three dimensions: memorial dimension focusing on the socialization, pluralism and flexibility, historical dimension focusing on the authenticity, objectivity and connections, and archival dimension focusing on the organization, disciplines and the evidences. However, there are some commonalities between community archives and traditional archival concepts in terms of collection and value, which could be important entry points for archival profession to play a role in community archives.
Keywords:Community Archives; Collective Memory; Archival Socialization
后现代主义思潮影响档案领域已久,社群档案(Community Archives)的产生与兴盛正是后现代主义思潮影响的结果[1-2]。这一概念起源于20世纪60、70年代的英国[3],随后在其他国家生根发芽。随着社群档案和社群档案馆实践案例的激增,在2000年后,档案学界开始加大对社群档案领域的关注度。
相较国外相关研究的热情高涨,社群档案在国内仍然是一个小众研究点,且在早期概念引入时,一度被误译为“社区档案”[4]。由于国内的“社区”概念与“Community Archives”中的“Community”具有本质区别,前者强调的是街道区域划分,后者更强调的是群体性,因此翻译成“社区档案”容易招致许多误会。但随着一些国内档案学者的不懈探索和自我反省,如今已陆续将“Community Archives”中的“Community”翻譯为“社群”且这在国内学界已大致形成共识。
然而笔者发现,社群档案的“档案”概念仍较为模糊,相比对“社群”一词的探讨,国内外学者对社群档案中“档案”一词的辨析与解释则较少,因而人们普遍对“档案”概念存疑。……